How Changes in Patterns of Paid Employment for Women Took Place in Ireland in the 20th Century Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Women since birth were taught to be submissive and had the slave mentality. This demoralized the Irish people and had a major role to play in the British rule in Ireland. The first half of the twentieth century was dominated by world wars and internal conflict. This opened up opportunities for women both at home and overseas, mostly as nurses. New staff was required to meet the growing demand. Nurses entered the war at different stages. As the war progressed, women were organized into auxiliary uniformed services. Various organizations like Women s Legion, Women s Army Auxiliary Corps [WAAC], and the Women s Royal Naval Service [WRNS] enrolled and trained women not only for army work but also in various roles, including signaling, driving, cooking and general administration (Hill Lynch, n.d. ). Only 5.6% of women were in paid employment in 1926 and the position remained the same until 1960. The legislative measures targeted at the working wives made it mandatory in 1933 for women to resign their jobs as schoolteachers on marriage. The 1935 Employment Act extended the marriage bar to all civil service posts. We will write a custom essay sample on How Changes in Patterns of Paid Employment for Women Took Place in Ireland in the 20th Century or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Women could not work in engineering firms and also traveled to England in various professions. (Hill Lynch, n.d. ). After the Second World War different avenues for women opened up for work and employment, especially the ones which were considered predominantly male-occupations. Women started taking up jobs in the war industry and the armed forces. The allied governments had to reconcile that women would no longer be confined to home. It had become important for women to be employed in the mainstream labor force. The urgent need for women was felt and it became necessary to persuade them to relinquish the home in place of the workplace (Muldowney, 2006). Opportunities opened up in Britain also. Many women took up jobs to fulfill their ambitions or to develop themselves as they wished to.

Othellos Loss for Words Essay - 1590 Words

Othello’s Loss for Words Othello’s character throughout the play demonstrates a skill and confidence in the art of language. From the beginning we see long, eloquent speeches that dazzle his audience – eloquently mixing complex words that help portray him as not only a strong warrior but also a fighter with a sound mind. However when Iago pressures him about the possible relationship between his wife Desdemona and Cassio, Othello’s passion for his beloved wife breaks down his self-control. In the next few pages I will demonstrate how Othello’s speech during the beginning of the play helps to strengthen his character, and by his death, he’s but a stuttering empty shell of a man. In addition, we’ll compare the language of the moor†¦show more content†¦Iago is as much a wordsmith as Othello in this regard. When we compare this character to that of Othello, the two are, however, radically different. In act one Shakespeare writes: Your heart is burst, you ha ve lost half your soul. Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell Or else the devil will make a grandsire of you. (I.i.86-91) From the very beginning we see Iago’s hatred toward Othello in these descriptive words. This animalistic imagery initially establishes the dramatic tension in the play, but it also helps satisfy our suspicion of Iago’s cruel motives toward Othello. Iago skillfully uses insinuations, indirect accusations and subtle hints to get his own point across. For example, Shakespeare writes: ‘Swounds, sir, you are one of those that will not serve God if the devil bid you. Because we come to do you service and you think we are ruffians, you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you’ll have your nephews neigh to you, you’ll have your coursers for cousins and jennets for germans. (I.i.110-115) Here, the exchange with Brabanzio is a direct one, but we can see Iago’s malicious, crude descriptions ofShow MoreRelatedIs It Power of Words Which Destroy Othello or His Own Hubris?1714 Words   |  7 PagesIs it power of words, which destroy Othello or his own hubris? Othello is one of Shakespeare’s finest plays, as it concentrates on a courageous’ general’s demise, physically and mentally. It could be argued that Othello bought his destruction on himself, by allowing himself to be poisoned by â€Å"Honest† Iago’s fluent rhymes of lies. However I will argue that it is infact his hubris, his overwhelming pride which infact causes his inevitable demise. Harmatia is a term which was developed by AristotleRead MoreIllusory Infidelity in Othello1297 Words   |  6 Pagesand reliable image, â€Å"I am not what I am (I, I, 66).†Othello’s central flaw is his belief in appearances, leading him to believe, and accept Iago’s accusations, â€Å"The Moor is of a free and open nature, / That thinks men honest that but seem to be so, / And will as tenderly be led by the nose / As asses are (I, iii, 390-393).† Therefore his belief in appearances, and misinterpretation of Iago yield Othello under the impression that his servant’s word is absolute fact and irrefutable evidence. RarelyRead MoreOthello: Shakespeare vs. Parker Essay615 Words   |  3 Pagesexpect. This was Parkers dilemma, to create a concise adaptation that could hold its viewers. Still, with revisions and scene cuts Parkers film still runs a little over two hours. There many drawbacks to cutting scenes from an original work, one is loss of cohesion. There are several obvious differences between Oliver Parkers motion picture version of Othello and the original work of William Shakespeare, the first of which is the amount of editing that was done by Parker for his film. As a resultRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - The Simplicity Of Love1521 Words   |  7 Pagesthe strongest and has steadfast love. Desdemona is an attractive, fair woman and a sweet woman that is motivated by fear and love. From the start of the play, she is shown to be quick humour. Her genuine love for Othello is shown in her actions and words. Desdemona simply did what she thought was right. In the end, Desdemona had her ‘last laugh’. Her understanding of not to lay blame eventually makes her the heroine and higher character person in the play. While the roles of the women throughout theRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1555 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme pressure, as he lacks the other means to express the futility of what is felt, which results i n violence. However, when a closer look is taken at what Othello knows about the culture he has tried to hard to assimilate to, it can be seen that Othello’s attempted restoration of his integrity after the news of his wife’s purported affair is littered with the notion of blood drawn in chivalric combat - blood drawn in combat that has been essential to the Venetian social order. Knowing this, his cryRead MoreOthello Has Been Described as ‘Fatally Self-Centered’ and ‘Lacking in Self-Knowledge’.1397 Words   |  6 Pagesviews about Shakespeare’s presentation of Othello’s character. One of those is that Othello has been described as ‘fatally self- centered’ and ‘lacking in self knowledge’. According to Collins dictionary, self-centered describes someone who is only concerned with their own wants and needs and never thinks about other people and a lack in self knowledge is a lack in knowledge of ones own character. The question is, are these qualities related to Othello’s character? At the beginning of the playRead MoreOthello Research Paper1226 Words   |  5 PagesNiedert Dr. Helen Davis English 120 1 December 2011 Othello In the play Othello written by Shakespeare, the issue of racism is addressed. Othello, the protagonist of the play, is African American or black. â€Å"According to Lois Whitney, many of Othello’s specific attributes probably derive from Shakespeare’s reading of Leo Africanus, whose Geographical Historie of Africa which was translated and published in London in 1600†(Berry, 1990). Many critics have different views on this. â€Å"If ShakespeareRead More Redemption in Death in Othello Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesand honesty are of foremost importance in the human condition, and when those are questioned or lost, chaos ensues.   The tragedy lies in the fact that the truth is revealed only too late, and because of this only death can restore those values.   The loss or misunderstanding of the major virtues in Othello lead to the tragic ending, but because Desdemona retains these virtues into her death, she allows them to be restored, and when the truth comes out, Othello dies to reclaim his honor and completeRead More Elements Contributing to Othellos Role of the Tragic Hero Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesElements Contributing to Othellos Role of the Tragic Hero What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is the protagonist in the play who usually is faced with some opposing force whether internal or external. In order to be a tragic hero, one has to have the following characteristics: (1) be a nobleman, prince, or person of high estate; (2) have a tragic flaw, and a weakness in judgement; and (3) fall from high to low estate. These can be seen in Shakespeares Othello which discusses the downfallRead MoreDramatic and Linguistic Devices in William Shakespeares Othello1399 Words   |  6 Pagesauthority; he is a proud army general who is looked upon with respect by the state and many leading Dukes. He first comes across to the audience as being very composed and a gentle character towards others. However in Act III Scene 3, Othello’s character takes a dramatic transformation, from a loving, considerate man, to a man complete with hatred and full of energy for revenge. Our first impressions of Iago are that he is a very sly and cunning man. However in Act III

Effects Of Poverty On Human Development - 771 Words

Poverty can be defined in a variety of ways. However, it is certain that there is no definite definition alone that would equally suffice to be the meaning of poverty everywhere in the world. Poverty is something real and something that should not be ignored. To define poverty, we shall take in consideration its impact on human development as well as other factors, such as financial stability. Poverty should be defined not only by how it is measured but by how it co-exists with a delay or an impact on childhood and human development. The effect of poverty on human development include: arising health issues that are due to food deprivation and lack of health care, physical health risks, mental problems, scarce education, poor†¦show more content†¦Often, due to various factors, but mostly because of health issues the poor have a lower life expectancy. Moreover, the physical health risks are increased greatly the longer a child stays in poverty. â€Å"Physical health risks associated with childhood poverty include,† as Dearing and Wade state, â€Å"elevated blood lead levels, chronic illness, and growth retardation.† For example, I would say that those who have less access to materialistic things are prone to exposure of lead. Lead can be found in toys, soil, pottery, and even in herbal remedies. In the case where medications are scarce, herbal remedies would be more convenient and exposure to lead would be more susceptible. As far as illnesses, diseases that are seen in poverty areas can include malaria, tuberculosis, AIDs, etc. Those diseases are less often seen in developed countries due to studies and having vaccinations readily available. Not only are physical health risks associated with poverty, but also, there are mental problems seen in correlation. Poor children, â€Å"have both internalizing (depression) and externalizing (aggression) behavior problems.† (Dearing Wade). Poverty affects a child’s mental stability. It causes stress which can lead to mixed emotions furthering complications of depression and aggression. Depression and aggression can overpowerShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Human Development1240 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"sustained development goal† is zero hunger. Most of us cannot imagine finishing our day without a meal, but for a very huge population in the world, being hungry is part of everyday life. Hunger leads to malnutrition and it has long term irreversible effect on brain development. Hungry and malnourished child performs poorly academically and cannot achieve its full potential. Poor brain development and academic performance leads to poverty. Hungry population cannot escape poverty. Poverty then leadsRead MoreTrying to Erradicate Poverty and Extreme Poverty1351 Words   |  5 Pages Almost half of the world lives on less than $2.50 a day. The very poor suffer from lack of access to safe food and water, basic education, and medicine. For many of the world’s countries, poverty is prevalent. While almost half of the world lives in poverty, the rich continue to get richer. In 2005, the poorer 10% only accounted for 0.5% of the world’s share of private consumption, while the richest 10% accounted for 59% of consumption (Shah 1-4). There is an increasing inequality gap. The worldRead MoreEssay on Social Policy Development 1431 Words   |  6 Pagescould have on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of human development and expanded the thought processes that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories about human development. Freud created the doorway by which all future developmental researchers were able to walk through to advance the study. While, experts have clearly not agreed on every measure by which development of an individual’sRead MorePoverty s Effect Among Children943 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty’s Effect Among Children Across the world poverty is evident within many countries and can be seen in many different ways. Poverty is not only a growing distress but in many cases can become a never-ending cycle. Poverty is not only described as how wealthy you are, it also includes important factors of socializing and living a normal life. Currently, people work harder than ever to keep up with a constantly changing unemployment rate and the stress of taking care of their families. UnfortunatelyRead MoreIndustrialization And Poverty1445 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is the greatest challenge for the least developed countries. Industrialization is one of the effective ways to reduce poverty. Poverty can be reduced by economic growth and equality. Industrialization is a process where primary goods are used to produce manufacturing goods, sometimes human labor is replaces by machines and robots. Income per capita increases because of industrialization. The industrial revolution of 18th and 19th century has oc curred because of major industrial shift in westernRead MorePoverty Influences Children s Early Brain Development1521 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty Influences Children’s Early Brain Development Children have been the topic of many research studies and debates throughout history. Scientists, educators, social workers and teachers have debated the importance of nature and nurture in children s development. Our ideas of children are shaped greatly by the portrayal of children through media. Producers, journalists, and writers have the power to either portray children as passive or active agents in their development of social, academicRead MoreThe Theory Of Biology And Libidinal Drives1025 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieved that human interaction was the basis for forming the individual’s personality. Out of this belief came the idea of his Eight Stages of Development (Sougstad, 2017). Unique to his theory at the time was the inclusion of all ages rather than only encompassing early development. Each of these stages includes a crisis that must be resolved to move from one stage to the next. Our ability to move through these stages is impacted by factors including our own b iological development as well as environmentalRead MoreHuman Geography And Development Studies1622 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly changing. Both natural and human created events, shape the world and create strong relationships between the environment and society. Human geography and development studies are two fields seeking to analyse these interrelationships and answer key questions about major issues in the world such as poverty, inequality and conflict. Human geography is largely about studying the spatial aspects of relationships between people and society whereas development studies focusses more on the way societiesRead MoreThe United States Wealth Inequality Gap1369 Words   |  6 Pages The number of children who are living in poverty have decreased for the first time in almost ten years. The Census Bureau reported a 0.5 percent decrease of Americans living in poverty from 2012 to 2013. Poverty is among the country’s contemporary social problems in the Twenty-First Century. According to the Census Bureau, 45.3 million people were categorized as living in poverty in 2013. To address contemporary social problems like poverty, one must take an in depth look at the reasons why thereRead MoreClimate Change Challenges986 Words   |  4 PagesA strong argument among scientists exists that anthropogenic climate change is the greatest contemporary global threat to sustainable development in the 21st Century, and that, the risks associated with climate change will become more severe affecting all aspects of human livelihoods (IPPCC 2014, FAO 2013, Shiferaw et al 2014, UN 2015. The ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and signing of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 signified the importance of

The Ministry Of Catholic Educations - 1424 Words

The Ministry of Catholic Educations says that youth ministry is a â€Å"response to the mission entrusted by Christ.† God told his disciples in Matthew chapter twenty eight verse nineteen ‘Go and make disciples of all nations baptizing them in the name of the father and of the son and of the Holy Spirit.’ And youth ministry is one of the many ways the Catholic Church is doing this. As stated in the Occupational Outlook Handbook, recreational workers create programs that can be altered to specific age groups. Being a youth minister you encounter many different things. Like recreational workers, youth minister put together programs for both middle school and high school. The Arch Dioceses send a lesson plan of what the students should know by the end of the year. The youth ministers will then branch together similar topics and make that the main focus for the night. The themes revolve around the four pillars of the Catholic Church. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church these four pillars are faith, liturgy and sacraments, morality of our life and prayer. This program is a fun an interesting way to bring these teenagers to Christ. A typical night starts with snacks and games to start building a community and then officially starts with a prayer. One of the reasons we pray is to calculate disengagement which is transitioning the students into a more pra yerful mode for the rest of the night. After prayer we go into a talk prepared by the minister and sometimes having aShow MoreRelatedCritical Planning And Catholic Healthcare Association944 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Planning and Catholic Healthcare Association By far, the Catholic Churches Healthcare Systems is one of the largest integrated health care systems. Catholic Healthcare Associations (CHA) integrates the progression of the Catholic health ministry of the United States with caring for people and communities of all faiths and believes. The CHA consist of â€Å"more than 600 hospitals and 1,400 long-term care and other health facilities in all 50 states, the Catholic health ministry is the largest groupRead MoreGladstone Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did Gladstone describe his first ministry as an era of Liberation? Gladstone first came into power in 1968 aged 59. He dominated British politics from 1868-1894. Many people said that Gladstone was the Liberal party. Gladstone drove the Liberal party to success therefore he was able to describe his first ministry an era of Liberation. Gladstone’s first ministry was a success. There was aspects to the Liberal that may have helped/hindered the parties success. Gladstone’s Liberal Party was sectionedRead MoreChristian Missionaries Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesmen like Nathan Price. It is obvious that the hospital helped more people than Nathan ever does. Also seen in the novel is the French Catholic missions led by religious women. In this scenario, the women wonder if what they are doing is enough; however, they again make more advances to help the people because they did not try to preach to anyone. Their ministry was one of healing, and Leah Price recognizes this when she hides for protection in their mission. Missionaries have been exploring theRead MorePublic School Boards Vs. Private Schools993 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish school boards and 29 English Catholic school boards (Ministry of Education, n.d.). There are also 4 French Public school boards and 8 French Catholic school boards (Ministry of Education, n.d.). Public school boards or private schools are the ones who hire elementary school teachers (Elementary School Teacher., n.d.). In 2014-2015, there were about 115,156 full-time teachers, about 74,960 elementary schools and 40, 196 secondary teachers (Ministry of Education, n.d.). During the same time, thereRead MoreMinistry of Fear- Seamus Heaney Analysis909 Words   |  4 PagesUsing Ministry of fear and another appropriately selected poem explore the sense of place Heaney conveys with reference to the troubles in N.I, with particular reference to the effects of any political and social context and Heaney’s own views. Ministry of Fear is from Heaney’s ‘North’ collection, written in 1975 while Heaney was staying in Wicklow, Casualty was written shortly after in ‘Field work’ in 1979. Through these two poems Heaney conveys a strong sense of place, namely Northern IrelandRead MoreCesar Chavez Rhetorical Analysis1248 Words   |  5 Pagesa firm foundation to lead his organization to success. He was the leader of the Mexican-American Community in Delano, Ca. Cesar went through a spiritual fasting, in which he did not eat due to the hazardous chemicals in field fruit. Chavez was a Catholic and used his morals for a nonviolent protest to better working conditions for field workers. Chavez had many helpers from different communities, but his own. The Mexican-American organization was let down by their own church. This escalated to suchRead MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1490 Words   |  6 Pagesour secondary calling is. Sadly, there is a distortion within the modern church tha t refutes this idea. The distortion that Guinness addresses in â€Å"The Call† can be categorized in two different ways; one, the â€Å"Catholic distortion†, and two, the â€Å"Protestant distortion†. The first, â€Å"Catholic distortion†, separates life into two areas, the â€Å"perfect life† and the â€Å"permitted† life (Pg. 32). This view separates people that are â€Å"called† to be priests, monks and nuns from the people that are â€Å"merely† soldiersRead MoreAfrican Catholic Church And The Church Of South Africa1608 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica (UCCSA). Their arrival opened the missionary field to other churches namely the Dutch Reformed Church (1871), the Lutheran Church (1891), the Anglican Church (1900s), the Methodist Church (1940s), the Seventh Day Adventists (1922) the Roman Catholic Church (1928) and Pentecostal Churches (1930s). It should be noted that though Christian values have permeated every aspect of Tswana society, Batswana C hristians continue to observe a great deal of African traditional religious practices alongsideRead MoreConversion Therapy And Its Effects On The Lgbtq Community1218 Words   |  5 PagesSouthern Baptist, Mormon, Roman Catholic, and other religious organizations to promote conversion of homosexuality (Baxter, pg. 1, 2015). Love in Action, which was one of the first religious based organizations to participate in conversion therapy, was founded in 1973. By 1976, Exodus, a national coalition of ex-gay ministries was founded. There were hundreds of participates over the years and most went back to homosexual life. Interestingly enough, ex-gay ministries do not keep statistics on theRead MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1497 Words   |  6 Pagessecondary calling is. Sadly, there is a distortion within the modern church that refutes this idea. The distortion that Guinness addresses in â€Å"The Call† can be categorized in two different ways; one being the â€Å"Catholic distortion†, and the other being the â€Å"Protestant distortion†. The first, â€Å"Catholic distortion†, separates life in to two areas, the â€Å"perfect life† and the â€Å"permitted† life (Pg. 32). This view separates people that are â€Å"called† to be priests, monks and nuns from the people that are merely

Nike Competitive Advantage Free Essays

* 1. MGMT65000 – Strategic Management – spring 2011 Test 1 By: Divya Mishra School of Management Purdue University Calumet Submitted to: Dr. Arifin Angriawan1|Page * 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Competitive Advantage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Company profile backgroundNIKE, Inc. is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing of footwear,apparel, equipment and accessory products. . It sells its products to around 18,000 retail accountsin the United States and through a mix of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries innearly 200 countries. NIKE is the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world. The Company creates designs for men, women and children. The top selling product categoryincludes running, basketball, childrens, cross-training and womens shoes. It also designs shoesfor outdoor activities like tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling,cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking and other athletic and recreational uses. Index membership Sector Industry EmployeesSP 500 Consumer Cyclical Footwear 23,300ProductsNIKE sells sports attire and accessories relevant to each sport mentioned above as well as othersports-inspired lifestyle apparel, like bags, socks, sport balls, eyewear, protective equipment,basic sport equipment, etc. In addition to NIKE’s footwear, apparel, and accessories businesses, the Company sells productsunder other brand names in particular markets. NIKE wholly-owns five footwear and apparelcompanies that specialize in different sports: Cole Haan, Converse Inc. , Hurley InternationalLLC, Umbro Ltd. , and NIKE Golf. These subsidiaries combined together account for 13% oftotal revenues, $2. 5 billion, in fiscal 2009. Manufacturing Footwear ApparelAll of NIKE’s footwear is manufactured outside the United States in the factories of China,Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand and account for 98 percent of total NIKE brand footwear in2009. The main raw materials used in NIKE footwear are rubber, plastic compounds, and foamcushioning materials, nylon, leather, canvas, and polyurethane films used for cushioningcomponents. NIKE brand apparel is also manufactured almost entirely outside of the United States, in 34different countries. The main materials used in NIKE apparel are natural and synthetic fabricsand threads, plastic and metal hardware, and water and heat resistant fabrics. Marketing and AdvertisingNIKE places a significant weight on marketing the company and its products. NIKE aggressivelybonds the contracts with highly successful and influential athletes, coaches, teams, and leagueslike Michael Jordan, Serena Williams, and Tiger Woods to popularize its footwear, apparel andsports accessories. In order to sustain its dominance in the industry and stay competitive stay, NIKE activelyresponds to trends and changes in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing productofferings, developing new products, styles and categories, and influencing sports and fitnesspreferences through aggressive marketing. Its primary areas of marketing remain Net TV andmagazines. 2|Page * 3. CompetitorsThe rivalry in the sports wear industry is very high. NIKE competes with numerous athletic andleisure shoe companies worldwide. It faces fierce competition in product offerings, technologies,marketing expenditures, pricing, costs of production, and customer services. The maincompetitors are Adidas, Reebok, Timberland, Woodland, and Puma. SWOT Analysis for NIKE Strengths Weaknesses Brand recognition Overseas manufacturing High product quality dependency Effective marketing Decreasing United States strategy market share Capacity of innovation High product price Strong distribution chain compared to Adidas Strong RD Currency exposure Strong customer Medium retail presence relationship/satisfaction SWOT Analysis Opportunities Threats Expansion into emerging Fierce industry competition markets Revenue relies on Increased demand in product consumers’ discretionary innovation income Growing segment of women Economic rescission athletes Fluctuation in the currency Increase in the number of sports events like Olympic, FIFA3|Page * 4. NIKE Innovations NIKE with Apple: The NIKE+ package consists of a pair of specially designed NIKE+ running shoes, an iPod nano, and a NIKE + iPod sport kit. The kit consists of a sensor that fits into a built-in pocket beneath the insole of the left shoe and a receiver that fits into the iPod nano dock connector. As a person runs, iPod tells the distance, pace, and calories burned via voice feedback that adjusts music volume as it plays. (Google image) Design your own shoes: NIKE allows customers to design their own shoes from a catalogue of predefined designs. Customers can choose their own colors and mascots to create shoes which define their personality. It provides Touch screen technology in store allowing customers to design shoes of choice. (Google image) Nike self lacing automatic shoes: NIKE is also coming up with the new automatic self lacing sneakers. The automatic lacing system provides a set of straps that can be automatically opened and closed to switch between a loosened and tightened position. 4|Page * 5. Critical data of Nike Annual Report$ Millions 2010Net Income 1,906. 7Current Liability 3,364. 2Total Assets 14419. 3Tax Rate 24. 2%Interest Rate 6. 35%Long-Term Debt 445. 8Return on Equity 19. 54%Total Equity 9753. 7Weighted Average Cost of Capital 8. 9%Capital Employed 11055. 1Interest Expense 6. EBIT 2516. 9NOPAT 1907. 81Return On Capital Employed 20. 7%Economic Value Added 1267. 25Cash Flow From Operations* 3164. 2Capital expenditure* 335. 1Free Cash Flow 2045. 31Five year Nike stock performance vs. SP500* (Fiscal year 2006-2010) 2% Nike SP500 90%5|Page * 6. 2010Nike revenue growth 2006-2010 Nike Revenue 25000 20000 R evenue 15000 10000 5000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YearNike revenue generation by product 2010 Revenue Generation by Product 6% 34% Footwear 60% Apparel Equipment6|Page * 7. 1. Please use Figure 2. 3 page 53 (Grant’s textbook, 7th edition) as your overall guide to draw a balanced scorecard for the firm. Please draw a balanced scorecard for the firm that you choose. Identify all four perspectives, each perspective’s objectives and their relationships. See example in the appendix. Feel free to modify it. On the other pages please elaborate on the four perspectives and their elements. For the financial performance perspective, at least you need to discuss: ROCE, EVA, and FCF. Conclude what the numbers mean to you as a manager (e. g. Good, bad, or neutral; and why). Why do firms need to prepare a balanced scorecard? (20 points) Balance Scorecard for NIKE 2010FINANCIAL GOOD–NEUTRAL †¢ ROCE : 17. 8% Neutral †¢ EVA: 1267. 25 millions Good †¢ FCF : 2045. 1 millions Good †¢ ROE : 19. 54% Good †¢ Profit Margin :10. 03% Good †¢ NIKE growth: 7% vs. industry growth Good 4. 5% Bad †¢ High advertising cost Good †¢ Better COGS% than competitorsCUSTOMER GOOD-NEUTRAL †¢ Customer Satisfaction Good †¢ Customer Loyalty Good †¢ Customer retention ratio Good †¢ Market Share Good †¢ Competitive Price Bad †¢ Number of Customers Good Good †¢ Design own shoes optionINTERNAL GOOD †¢ Marketing Innovative Products Good Celebrity endorsement Good Diversity of online product Good †¢ RD Integrated researches Good Product technology Good High quality product design Good †¢ Good supplier relation Good †¢ IT for inventory control Good7|Page How to cite Nike Competitive Advantage, Essay examples

Implementation Issues in ERP Package

Question: Discuss about the Implementation Issues in ERP Package. Answer: Introduction An ERP system can be defined as an information system which integrates all departments or aspects of a company or business. An ERP program can be considered to be a companywide information and facts program that integrates all facets of the enterprise. It claims one data bank, one particular application, plus a unified user interface over the overall organization. A complete firm under one roof top means from human, product, sales, accounting, production, distribution are securely built-in. These integration benefits organizations often: swift response to competitive challenges and industry prospects, more flexible product designs, decreased stock, and tightened supply chain back links. ERP systems including SAP/R3 consist of not simply the efficient components that "crunch" the numbers but the most innovative technology and methods. Implementing, such a program results in integration of the business to the reengineering of your organization practices as well as the overall "culture" in the business, all simultaneously (Abugabah and Sanzogni, 2010). Implementation issues in ERP package It is usually said that ERP application is all about people, not processes or technologies. A corporation goes through a major transformation, and the handling of this change needs to be well planned (coming from a tactical viewpoint) and diligently implemented. A lot of aspects of the company that utilized separately now really need to be securely integrated for ERP to be effective properly (Hanafizadeh and Ravasan 2011). The top management should not only focus on funding of the project but also should involve in leading the change. An overview of effective ERP implementations indicates that effective change management is the most important factor. The top managements intervention is required to make everybody come together and cooperate with each other and resolve the conflicts. Sometimes, the top management needs to manage cross -border issues also. The top management also has the responsibility of monitoring the projects and providing right direction to the team which is involved in implementation. The implementation of an ERP project is successful only when top management is committed to active support. Reengineering of existing business processes An ERP implementation means converting of the current business practices or process into the best business practices standards. The ERP programs are made on best standard practices of the industry. The first requirement of ERP implementation is reengineering the companys current business practices. The companys every practice should get converted into ERP standard. The ERP system can result in very high benefits and the high cost of a project depending on its implementation. Many times, a companys business processes are so unique that it is difficult to reengineer them according to ERP standards. Since 1994 Hydro Agri faced the same issue of integrating the existing process with the ERP practices. Research evidence shows that none of the ERP packages can full fill hundred percent needs of the organization (Maditinos ,Chatzoudes and Tsairidis 2012). The best ERP package can also meet only up to seventy per cent needs of the organization. To conform to the ERP package if a company cust omizes its package, and then the implementation cost rises. The more the customization, the higher the implementation cost. Hence, it is advised to change the existing process as much as possible rather than customizing the ERP package. Integration of whole organization units Firms are applying ERP face kinds of issues with integration of knowledge throughout the companies. The key struggle is definitely the affect automation has in the company procedure. Automation alters the way in which businesses cope with the other person, from intending to buy to having to pay. Revealing and control over information and facts are major problems. Firms are concerned regarding how many details they should share with their buyers and providers and the ways to control the information. Suppliers will not want their rivals to see their rates or purchase volumes. Expressing excessive information and facts hurts their business. That is the standard worry. Regarding handling details, companies understand that it is sometimes complicated to manage anything. Businesses have to believe in their companions and must organize with one another within the chain. If someone hyperlink is gradual to provide information or access, the full chain suffers (Murphy 2012). The management sho uld be concerned about the anxiety or stress an ERP system brings in an organization. For example, a product sales division could be unsatisfied that digital buying has work from the loop, when manufacturing may have to accommodate buying one week's notice to buy alterations and cater to those changes into its production orders. Hiring and retaining Consultants As the ERP market is growing fast, hence it is creating a shortage of skilled consultants who are competent enough. This shortage has widened so large that it is difficult to fill this gap of demand and supply in short period. The very first challenge is finding the right people and then maintaining these people in the system is another challenge. ERP implementation requires consultants with multiple skills and industry specific skills (Nash 2010). As the ERP market has started not long before, hence it is difficult to find the experienced people in different industries. The success of an ERP project depends on hiring and maintaining consultants in the system. Time of Implementation ERP packages are implemented in a modular way and not necessarily they need to be implemented at once. Hence, companies generally, follow phase-in implementation. Usually, implementation takes a longer time and large number of consultants. The implementation time depends on several factors. The main factor is customization. As the ERP systems are very general, hence they need to be customized. The more the customization, the more the implementation time and expertise are required (Rabaa'i, , Bandara and Gable 2009). Costs of implementation Although the price of standard ERP package is less than the in-house development of a package, the implementation cost can be more than five times of its package price. The implementation cost increased with the increase in customization. Also, the hiring cost also increases with customization. After hiring of the employees, they need to be trained which requires a huge amount of money. After training, it is challenging to retain them as the market demand is very high for trained and skilled consultants. To retain these employees, the company needs to spend a huge amount on extra benefits to them. Picking Vendors Picking out an ideal product or service is really important. Gartner Class has BuySmart system which has a lot more than 1700 inquiries to aid a business to go with a perfect ERP bundle. Best administration enter is essential when deciding on the right merchant. The top management must make inquiries regarding the vendor, for example, its market concentration (as an example, midsize or sizeable business), track record with clients, eyesight of the future, and with whom the owner is purposefully aligned. When the ERP software is made to function in diverse places, for the worldwide ERP rollout, companies should be worried about. Also, the control needs to be sure the ERP dealer has got the identical version of your software offered in the nations the corporation is implementing the device. Providers also might not have significant appearance inside the subsidiary places (Sabau et al. 2009). You should assess in the event the dealer staffers during these places are accessible and well- informed. Getting individuals from the outside could remedy the issue; nevertheless it would raise the costs of implementation if you find a scarcity of skilled staff. Choosing the right employees Organizations aiming to implement an ERP process must be happy to commit some of their greatest employees on the task for the profitable application. Frequently companies tend not to recognize the influence of deciding on the internal workers together with the proper ability set up. The importance of this factor should not be overemphasized. Internal resources of any firm should never just be professionals inside the company's procedures but also be aware of the best enterprise techniques in the market. Inner resources need to display the capability to be aware of the total requirement of your organization and really should play a huge role in leading the task initiatives within the proper route. Training of Employees Coaching and changing workers on ERP is a significant problem. People are probably the hidden costs of ERP implementation. Without correct education, about 30 pct to 40 % of top-series staff will struggle to take care of the requirements of your new system. The individuals at the key pad are actually creating crucial decisions about buying and selling -- crucial agreements from the organization. They must know the way their details influences most of the organization. Some of the selections front side-series men and women make by having an ERP system had been the responsibility of an administrator earlier. It is important for executives to know this transformation inside their job and encourage the front side-series people to be able to make those judgments their selves. Coaching workers on ERP are not really as easy as Stand out instruction in which you provide them with several weeks of training, place them on the job, plus they blunder their using of ERP techniques are extremely c omplicated and require rigorous coaching. It is sometimes complicated for instructors or consultants to pass on the understanding of the staff in the short time. Businesses should provide possibilities to increase the expertise of your employees by supplying instruction opportunities on the steady schedule to fulfill the transforming requirements of the business and employees (Zornada and Velkavrh 2010). Boosting Morale of Personnel The staff members concentrating on an ERP setup and devoting extended hours which include 7-day several weeks and in many cases holiday seasons. While the practical experience is useful for occupation growth, the strain of implementation along with regular job obligations could lower their morale speedily. Support and care from top management can boost the morale of the employees. Other methods, for example getting the workers on field trips, will help lessen the pressure and increase the morale (Shehab et al. 2011) Similarities between the implementation of OilCO and ExploreCO Both the companies understood the importance of planning phase. ERP implementation requires the lot of planning regarding resources, top management's commitment, and change adoption. They understood that planning phase is the major champion for the implementation phase. Management support was the major CSF for installation in both the companies. Top management's commitment and having best personnel and retaining them were considered most crucial and challenging in both the organisations. Least importance to the Enhancement phase in both the organizations. There was no look-back after implementation phase. Differences between the implementation of OilCO and ExploreCO CSFs were considered most important in the Exploreco case and were distributed all phases while for Olico only one CSF management support was considered important. CSFs were considered very important in Exploreco than in Oilco. Exploreco thought 9 CSFs were important while Oilco considered four CSFs as important. There was the difference in their importance of personnel and dates of the deliverable in the planning phase. Exploreco added two more CSFs by learning from parent company's experience. While Oilco adopted training of the employees in implementation. Success of the project: I think the Oilcos ERP implementation was a failure and Exploreco was a success. Articulation of the CSFs: Yes, more or less it was an articulation of CSFs, particularly in a case of Exploreco. The strategy of minimal customization: Yes, both the organizations adopted minimum customization. The implementation cost increased with the increase in customization. Also, the hiring cost also increases with customization. After hiring of the employees, they need to be trained which requires a huge amount of money. After training, it is challenging to retain them as the market demand is very high for trained and skilled consultants. To retain these employees, the company needs to spend a huge amount on extra benefits to them. Recommendation Implementation is the most crucial stage of ERP package. Hence, it should be well planned. Strong support of the top management is the basic requirement of an ERP systems implementation. Reengineering of the existing processes should be done as much as possible to avoid huge customization cost of implementation Integration should take place as much as possible The top management should hire, train and retain the highly competent consultants. The employee morale should be increased by care and concern for them, The internal resources of the company should be used to get the right direction of implementation. Conclusion ERP systems are bringing a great change in the way companies produce goods and services. It has become a dream for the companies to successfully implement ERP packages. ERP system can result in several benefits for the companies. ERP packages are very huge and complicated. Their implementation requires a lot of planning and cost. This software affects the way business is conducted. Its implementation decides that it will result in benefits or a headache for a company. The main contribution is the top management in the successful implementation of an ERP package. Its implementation requires several changes in existing business processes as well as a huge outlay of capital. The other crucial factor is reengineering of the existing business practices. Once it is implemented it is very expensive and difficult to undo its implementation. The integration of all processes is also one of the most crucial and expensive factors to implement. References Abugabah, A., Sanzogni, L. (2010). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in higher education: A literature review and implications. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 71 Hanafizadeh, P., Ravasan, A. Z. (2011). A McKinsey 7S model-based framework for ERP readiness assessment. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 7(4), 23. Maditinos, D., Chatzoudes, D., Tsairidis, C. (2012). Factors affecting ERP system implementation effectiveness. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 25(1), 60-78. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). (2009). Institute wide?Planning?Task?Force? IT?@?MIT?Working?Group? final report . Massachusetts Institute of Technology Murphy, C. (2012). ERP: The once and future king of campus computing. Syllabus-Sunnyvale then Chatsworth-, 17(7), 29-30. Nash, K. S. (2010). Companies dont learn from previous IT snafus. Computerworld, 16(21), 32-33. Rabaa'i, A. A., Bandara, W., Gable, G. (2009). ERP systems in the higher education sector: A descriptive study. Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, 456- 470. Sabau, G., Munten, M., Bologa, A., Bologa, R., Surcel, T. (2009). An evaluation framework for higher education ERP systems. WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 8(11), 1790-1799. Shehab, E., Sharp, M., Supramaniam, L., Spedding, T. A. (2011). Enterprise resource planning: Anintegrative review. Business Process Management Journal, 10(4), 359-386. Zornada, L., Velkavrh, T. B. (2010). Implementing ERP systems in higher education institutions. Information Technology Interfaces, 27th International Conference on, 307-313.

Carbon Fibres and Composite Material Free Sample for Students

Question: Write a Research Paper on a Composite Materials of your Choice used in Medical Application. Answer: Introduction According to Goodman et al. (2011), a composite material refers to a combination of two or more materials that are of different composition, physical property, and morphology. These materials are often combined on a microscopic scale. Depending on the constituent properties, composites are in many cases designed to (or intending to) producing materials with materials aimed at fulfilling specific mechanical, physical, or chemical requirements. As a result, Hofmann (2016) points out that the use of composite materials have progressively increased for the past 40 years and have many uses in the automotive, aeronautic, medical, and naval fields among other industries. Consequently, different composite biomaterials have been tested and studied for use in the medical field and are often commercialized for their advantages of the traditional composite materials that were used before. In the medical field, most human tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, teeth, and ligament are composites made up of single constituents whose distribution, morphology, amount, and properties are the major determinants of the final behavior of the resulting organ or tissue according to Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015). The same study denotes that human-made composite materials can as well be used in making prostheses that are used to mimic these biological tissues with the aim of ensuring thy match their mechanical behavior and restore the mechanical functions of the body tissues that have been damaged. This paper presents the history, structure and synthesis, mechanical properties, possible uses, as well as pros and cons of the carbon-fiber-reinforced, peek (CFR-PEEK) composite material whose use have been studied, tested, and proven fit for medical purposes. History of the Composite Material Carbon Fiber, a polymer that is also known as a graphite fiber, is a very strong material and light in weight. Though stiffer than steel, its light weight makes it suitable for use as a raw material in the manufacturing of other materials (Garry, 2013). The composite material was discovered back in 1879 by Edison Thomas. The scientist backed bamboo silvers and cotton threads at high temperature carbonizing them into a fiber filament of all-carbon. His invention led to the use of high-performance carbon fibers in 1958 in Cleveland. CF-PEEK was then introduced as a matrix where long and short PEEK fibers were used as the composite matrix to ensure the end product had the qualities of both fibers. Despite the fact that they were inefficient, the fibers contained approximately 20% carbon with low stiffness and strength properties. However, the carbon fibers strength potential was realized in 1963 through a new manufacturing process at British research center (David et al., 2014). In the medical field, carbon-fiber-reinforced peek materials range from large scale components such as x-ray application materials to most invisible bolts internally used to support the bones in the body according to Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015). CFR-PEEK materials have for a long time been adopted for use in the medical field in different facets. They are widely used in the orthopedic processes mainly for bone crafts, bone cementing, hip joint replacement, and in the fixation of the bone plates in the body. Hofmann (2016) points out that CFR-PEEK can be fabricated with tensile strength or stiffness in the capability of the bone they replace in the body. As a result, the materials are successfully finding their way into the medical devices as implants to replace the internal body organs and tissues. Historically, many challenges have been faced by implant designers in achieving acceptance from different regulatory agencies globally. However, the uses of carbon-fiber-reinforced peeks are on the rise as a result of technological advancements and innovations. New medical applications and composite materials are gaining popularity and approval in many parts of the US food and drug administration (Garry, 2013). CFR-PEEK are used in the formulation of bone growths for implants such as temporary bone supports and bone screws mainly adopted in the orthopedic repairs. These materials have been adopted for use in the bioresorbable polymers that can safely break down and be absorbed by the body in the rebuilding process of the bone. Sturucture and Synthesis of the Composite In the medical industry, the first synthesis requirement is a performance parameter indicating the relative merits of different designs of CFR-PEEK with the primary knowledge that the growth and micro-motion of bones can be used for different purposes in a clinical view. What follows is a finite element code that determines the strains in the bone used as essential parameters in evaluating the performance of the carbon fiber. The CF-PEEK composite is manufactured by the use of a hybrid fabric composing of PEEK and carbon fiber as a matrix that is then modified and treated by low temperature and oxygen plasma. The process is then followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transformation attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) that are essential I relating the functionality and roughness of the carbon fiber surface with the PEEK interfacial adhesion strength. The plasma treatment is aimed at increasing the roughnes s of the carbon fiber surface while the prolonged treatment results into the smoothing. Figure 1: The structure of carbon According to Duraccio, Mussano, and Faga (2015), the structural properties of a composite material are determined by the length, volume, and alignment of the carbon fiber it contains. Apart from being strong, carbon fibers have high tensile strength and stiffness but with low weight. It also has a high chemical resistance and is often tolerant to high temperature and excessive heat but with a low thermal expansion as denoted by Garry (2013). Mechanical Properties According to Cano and Guilemany (2016), the mechanical property of a composite material can be determined by the mechanical properties of CFR-PEEK. Carbon fibers consist of strong and thin crystalline carbon filaments for the strengthening of other materials. David et al. (2014) denote that the fibers can be thinner than the human hair but gets its strength when the fibers are twisted and laid over a coated and molded into plastics or resin. For these mechanical properties, carbon fiber is adapted for use not only in the medical field but many industries such as the military, automotive, and aerospace. There are two main forms of carbon fiber incorporation used in composites for medical applications. Short CFR-PEEKs that consist of short carbon fibers randomly aligned and are mostly less than 0.4 mm, used as producers of the homogeneous material property for the implant. Long CFR-PEEK consists of carbon fibers essentially running the entire width of most composite materials. The long CFR-PEEK has a tensile strength that is greater than 2000 Mpa when compared to the 170 Mpa which is of the short carbon fiber (Aspenberg, 2014). As a result, their controlled alignment of these carbon fibers hence helps in providing a broad range of anisotropic properties that can be controlled for specific functions depending on there the composite material that needs to be made and the use. Figure 2: A summary of the mechanical nature of carbon-fiber-reinforced peek Advantages and Disadvantges of Carbon Fibers Ajioka et al. (2016) denote that carbon-fiber-reinforced peek material is engineered to produce a varying degree of stiffness and strength based on the number and orientation of the carbon fibers used. It is hence easier to help the manufacturer match the elasticity of the bone to be replaced with the composite implant material that will be fixed. On the other hand, Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015) also denotes that using carbon fibers as composite materials is easier since, before their innovations, manufacturers were facing challenges from modulus mismatch of the then used metal implants. For instance, the mismatch was often producing stress shielding; alter loading, and a periprosthetic bone remodeling process that was often detrimental. Commercially available carbon fiber composite materials have been tested in several ways for fatigue cycles but have always proven to be effective and resistant. Nayeri (2014) denotes that the average strength for a 4.5mm implant plate is 19.1 Newton meters while that of a similar 4.5mm stainless steel compression plate is 17.8 Newton meters. The bending strength of available 10-mm CFR-PEEK is averagely 80.3 Nm, while an 11-mm titanium tibial plate bending strength is 43 Nm. This has proven that the testing for wear debris of the implants is significantly lower than the wear debris strength of titanium plates made from the steel as pointed out by Goodman et al. (2011). The same study denotes that the healing and fracture reduction are available for a standard radiograph. The absence of both MRI and computed tomography means that CFR-PEEK for the composite implants has applications for infections, spine, and for oncologic cases. Even though there are several advantages of using the carbon-fiber-reinforced peek composite implants for medical reasons, there are also some specific disadvantages. For instance, they cannot be contoured hence making their use in fracture fixation limited to straight diaphyseal hence calling for a specific locking screw technique anatomically designed for the specific fracture Utech and Boccaccini (2016). At the same time, stiffness can be beneficial to the receiver, but the too much flexibility is as well dangerous as it can lead to pseudarthrosis. The increased fatigue strength of the implants helps in decreasing any possible risk to fatigue failure. However, the radiolucent nature of the carbon-fiber-reinforced peek used in the manufacturing of the implants precludes directly hence visualizes radiography. Possible uses of Composite Implant In his study, Hofmann (2016) denotes that all biomaterial composites intended for use in the body of any living organism have to meet certain conditions, regulatory requirements, and criteria. These include; The material should not release any harmful components into the living system of the organism Must be biocompatible such as tissue or blood compatible, nontoxic, or non-carcinogenic The physical and mechanical properties of the material such as durability, stability, and elasticity must be suitable and appropriate for the intended application. The mechanical properties of the material have to last for the projected life of the implant or the medical device A sterilizable material by a standard method Carbon-fiber-reinforced peek have found a wide application and use in different facets of the medical sectors. These include bone cementing, bone grafting, hip joint replacements, bone fixating plating, and other forms of bone replacements (Asghari et al. 2017). In the manufacturing and design of prosthetic composite implants used for the replacement of the central bone and the combined joint, the primary objective is often to arrive at an implant with a higher bone growth stimulus but slightly lower that the titanium alloys implants that are currently used (Egger et al. 2017). From the CFR-PEEK innovations, patients can easily get access to rapid and easier proper implant fixation and bone replacement. Achieving these objectives requires the synthesis and structure of the composite implants to consist of three primary elements. In his study, Soboyejo (2017) points out that CFR-PEEK includes bio-glass-ceramic, xenograft, and allografts often used in joint replacements and tissue engineering. They are often made of different layers of long and short carbon fibers; the final product often combines the properties of both the materials used. The resulting product is often mechanically strong but lightweight at the same time. Saleh (2016) also denotes that the materials have low density and can easily resist corrosion. The use of composite body implants has several advantages when compared to the metallic devices that were used before their inventions. It modules if elasticity and fatigue strength makes the CFR-PEEK an ideal composite implant material for bones plates and nails. Environmental Impacts The disposal of CF-PEEK is becoming a major issue since the different carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are reaching the end of their live services. According to Schinner, and Brandt (2011), over 27 000 tons of CF-PEEK have produced annually. As a result, grinding up the waste material and sending it to landfills or disposing of it through incineration has little appeal to the environment since it is non-biodegradable. With global warming and climate change policies affecting every global industry, incineration is not the best method of disposal of the material as it will lead to the production of greenhouse gasses as well as smoke, thus leading to pollution. Disposal into landfills also reduces the aesthetic value of the environment turning the areas into wastelands and creating environments for disease-predisposing factors such as stagnant water collection points for mosquito and bilharzia breeding when it rains. As a result, different recycling methods such as pyrolysis have been adopted that strips away the epoxy resin from the fibers while leaving the original properties undamaged. Conclusion The medical industry is driven and guided by the demands of the medical profession that seeks constant improvements and device innovations for better medical care. Consequently, different composite biomaterials have been tested and studied for use in the medical field and are often commercialized for their advantages of the traditional composite materials that were used before. Carbon fibers have found a wide application and use in different facets of the medical sectors. These include bone cementing, bone grafting, hip joint replacements, bone fixating plating, and other forms of bone replacements. References Ajioka, H., Kihara, H., Odaira, C., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, H. (2016). Examination of the Position Accuracy of Implant Abutments Reproduced by Intra-Oral Optical Impression.Plos ONE,11(10), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164048 Asghari, F., Samiei, M., Adibkia, K., Akbarzadeh, A., Davaran, S. (2017). Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering application: a review.Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine Biotechnology,45(2), 185-192. doi:10.3109/21691401.2016.1146731 Aspenberg, P. (2014). Alendronate-eluting polyglucose-lignol composite (POGLICO).Acta Orthopaedica,85(6), 687-690. doi:10.3109/17453674.2014.979724 Bailey, S. R. (2009). DES Design: Theoretical Advantages and Disadvantages of Stent Strut Materials, Design, Thickness, and Surface Characteristics.Journal Of Interventional Cardiology,22S3-S17. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2009.00449.x Cano, I., Guilemany, J. (2015). Cold spray as an emerging technology for biocompatibility of Carbon Fibers: state of art.Journal Of Materials Science,50(13), 4441-4462. doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9013-1 David, J., Cyril M., Seligson, D., Bennie L. (2014). Use of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Implants in Orthopedic Surgery, Journal of Orthopedics, 37 (12): 825-830 Duraccio, D., Mussano, F., Faga, M. (2015). Biomaterials for dental implants: current and future trends.Journal Of Materials Science,50(14), 4779-4812. doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9056-3 Egger, J., Gall, M., Tax, A., cal, M., Zefferer, U., Li, X., ... Chen, X. (2017). Interactive reconstructions of cranial 3D implants under MeVisLab as an alternative to commercial planning software.Plos ONE,12(3), 1-20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172694 Garry, P. (2013). Self-tapping ability of carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone suture anchors.J Biomater Appl. Epub ahead of print. doi:10.1177/0885328214535274 Goodman, B., Stuart, S., Kelsey, G. Deborah, J (2011). Composite Implant for Bone Replacement. Journal of Composite Material, vol. 261, pp.63-81. Hofmann, A. (2016). Surface Functionalization of Orthopedic Titanium Implants with Bone Sialoprotein.Plos ONE,11(4), 1-23. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153978 Kumbhar, J. (2015). Applications of bacterial cellulose and its composites in biomedicine.Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,99(6), 2491-2511. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6426-3 Paknikar, K., Kumbhar, J. (2015). Applications of carbon fiber and its composites in biomedicine.Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,99(6), 2491-2511. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6426-3 Saleh, M. M. (2016). Biodegradable/biocompatible coated metal implants for orthopedic applications.Bio-Medical Materials Engineering,27(1), 87-99. doi:10.3233/BME-161568 Schinner, J. Brandt, H. (2011). Recycling carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites, J Thermoplast Compos Mater, 6(9), pp. 239245 Soboyejo, W. (2017). Polymeric composite devices for localized treatment of early-stage breast cancer.Plos ONE,12(2), 1-11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172542 Utech, S., Boccaccini, A. (2016). A review of carbon-based composites for biomedical applications: enhancement of hydrogel properties by addition of rigid inorganic fillers.Journal Of Materials Science,51(1), 271-310. doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9382-5