Mission, Vision, and Values Paper

The University of Phoenix was founded in 1976 as an outlet for working adults to obtain an education, while continuing to hold down a full time job. The ingenious idea of creating such an organization can be coupled with the name Dr. John Sperling. Dr. John Sperling begin the creation of University of Phoenix in his basement, at the preface of personal computers. The University of Phoenix offers degree program at the level’s of associates, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees. The degree programs can be obtained by several modalities.The most commonly know modality is online, and there are also over 200 campuses that offer programs as well. Dr. John Sperling suggested how institutions would pioneer new approaches to curricular and program design, teaching methods and student services. These beliefs eventually resulted in the creation of University of Phoenix and they continue to inspire the University’s mission, purposes and strategies today (University of Phoenix [ UOP], 2008). The University of Phoenix is the nation’s largest private university.The mission of University of Phoenix is to provide access to higher education opportunities that enable students to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve their professional goals, improve the productivity of their organizations, and provide leadership and service to their communities (University of Phoenix [UOP], 2008). The following are the purposes for the University of Phoenix: ~To facilitate cognitive and affective student learning–knowledge, skills, and values — and to promote use of that knowledge in the student's work place.~To develop competence in communication, critical thinking, collaboration, and information utilization, together with a commitment to lifelong learning for enhancement of students' opportunities for career success. ~To provide instruction that bridges the gap between theory and practice through faculty members who bring to their classroom not only advanced academic preparation, but also the skills that come from the current practice of their professions. ~To provide General Education and foundational instruction and services that prepare students to engage in a variety of university curricula.~To use technology to create effective modes and means of instruction that expand access to learning resources and that enhance collaboration and communication for improved student learning. ~To assess student learning and use assessment data to improve the teaching/learning system, curriculum, instruction, learning resources, counseling and student services. ~To be organized as a for-profit institution in order to foster a spirit of innovation that focuses on providing academic quality, service, excellence, and convenience to the working adult.~To generate the financial resources necessary to support the University’s mission. (UOP, 2008) All corporations depend on effective strategic management. A starting point in strat egic management is setting goals. Every business needs goals, a mission, and values. Goals are basically intended to meet hopes and plans of an organization. The mission usually tells how a company will reach their goals. Values are what the organization beliefs in. The strategy of an organization should determine the firm’s overall attitude toward growth and the way it will manage its businesses.A company may decide to grow by increasing its activities or investments. Strategies should focus on improving the companies competitive position, and how best to achieve corporate goals by being as productive as possible. The mission statement is a message designed to be inclusive of the expectations of all stakeholders for the company's performance over the long run (Pearce & Robinson, 2004). At many companies, top management drafts and circulates detailed mission statements.Because such a statement reflects a company’s understand of its activities as a marketer, it is not e asily described. The mission statement for the University of Phoenix explains how they will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct businesses. Strategy tends to have a wider scope. It is the definition a broad program that describes an organization’s intentions. A business strategy outlines how the business intends to meet its goals and includes the organizations responsiveness to new challenges and new needs.Because a well formulated strategy is so vital to a business’s success, most top managers devote substantial attention and creativity to this process. A second implication of viewing strategic management as a process is that strategy formulation and implementation are sequential. The process begins with development or reevaluation of the company mission (Pearce & Robinson, 2004). This also presents an opportunity for an organization to do a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the envir onmental Opportunities and Threats facing that firm.SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a company's strategic situation (Pearce & Robinson). The ultimate goal of the new strategy is to have an effective impact on the leaders, the culture, and the stakeholders. The strategy should allow the leaders to efficiently run the organization. The strategy should enable a conducive culture so that there is no negativity brought to the organization. The strategy should reward stakeholders and ultimately reward the stakeholders so that they may continue to hold stake in the company.

Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Essay

In 2010 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report indicating that nurses are a key component to the improvement of the healthcare transformation in the United States of America. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health discussed the powerful impact of a highly educated and trained nurse in the medical profession by examining evidenced based research and relative trends. In the following essay we will discuss how these findings influence nursing education, primary care nursing practice, and the leadership roles nurses will inevitably be placed. When addressing how nursing practice will be affected, we will also discuss how the goals of the IOM will be met. Impact on Nursing of the 2010 IOM Report The Affordable Care Act of 2010 presented an interesting dilemma. According to the IOM panel, America will heavily rely on the expertise and compassionate care of advanced practice nurse’s to bridge the gap between the existing low number of primary care providers and the addition of thirty- two million people to the currently insured group of Americans. To connect this gap, it will be necessary to allow nurses to practice to their full potential by expanding their education and training. Nursing Education The majority of nurses in the workforce today are educated at a community college level and do not hold a Bachelor’s Degree. However, the report findings indicate the need for these nurses to attain a Bachelor Degree. This push is mainly because studies have shown a ten percent increase in the proportion of nurses holding a bachelor’s degree was associated with a five percent decrease in probability of patient’s demise within thirty days of admission and the odds of failure to rescue (Aiken, 2003). The IOM’s goal is to increase this from fifty percent to an eighty percent by 2020. To meet this goal they call for â€Å"seamless academic progression† through integrated transitions between community colleges and universities. The committee also stated the need for more affordable nursing education and training to meet the complex demands that chronic health conditions create. Primary Practice Nursing Care The IOM committee recommended the necessity of nurses to be able to practice  to the full extent of their education and training especially Advanced Practiced Registered Nurses (APRN’s). In the United States of America, there are many legal barriers and inconsistent state regulations that prevent nurses from practicing to their full potential. The IOM report states, â€Å"APRN’s scopes of practice are so circumscribed that their competence extends far beyond their authority. At any point in their career, APRN’s can do much more than they may legally do. As APRN’s acquire new skills, they must seek administrative or statutory revision of their defined scopes of practice (a costly and often difficult enterprise).† Once legislation allows APRN’s to practice to their full scope of practice the high quality health care can be delivered. APRN’s in primary practice can be extended to meet the physicians and patient needs. When nurses and doctors collaborate, quality patient care increases and cost efficiency is created. One way of establishing this collaborative team effort is by hiring more Advanced Practiced Nurses (APN) in primary care practices. Another way we can transform nursing practice in primary care is by allowing nurse’s to be more involved with data collection. Jack Rowe from the IOM committee stated that science is based on â€Å"objective evaluation of evidence†. This evidence can be provided by the nurses who provide care to patients on a daily basis in order to create a more efficient health care system. Nurse’s Role as a Leader The IOM report indicated the need for nurses to become the leaders of the upcoming reform. Today’s nurse is in a unique position due to the 2013 Gallup Poll’s statement that they are the most â€Å"trusted† profession in the United States. Bill Neville from the panel suggested that more nurses be put in boardrooms, legislation panels, and given more opportunities to lead. These qualities combined give nurses more power and force in leading discussions that will ultimately drive the change that needs to take place. Overall the IOM report is opening the door for huge upcoming opportunities for the nursing profession. Nurses are a vital part in the healthcare  reformation by becoming full partners with physicians, creating seamless academic progression for educational advancement, and practicing to their full scope of practice. References Aiken, L. H., et al. (2003). Educational Levels of Hospital Nurses and Surgical Mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(12), 1617-1623. Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine. (2011). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. IOM, Pg. 97. Retrieved from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956 Institute of Medicine. (IOM). (2010, October 5). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health-Report Briefing [Video]. Retrieved from http:// www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-change-Advancing-Health/Report-Release.aspx

Managing Markering Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Markering Communication - Essay Example Integrated Marketing Communications, or IMC, basically refers to the process of combining all the tools used in advertising so that they can function together. Promotion, one of the marketing mix’s 4 Ps, has its own combination of communication elements. All of these elements operate better if they are combined together than when they are used in isolation. Their functions are improved when integration incorporates more than the essential communication tools. There are other kinds of integration like vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal Integration can happen across business functions as well as the marketing mix. For example, communications production, distribution, and finance should operate simultaneously when the telecom service providers seek to channel messages to their consumers. Different divisions like direct mail, sales, and advertising can operate concurrently via data integration. This calls for a marketing information structure which gathers and shares the pertinent information across different corporate divisions. Vertical Integration basically denotes that communications and marketing purposes have to be formed in such a way that they support the higher level commercial goals and objectives. Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards.... Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards (Schultz and Schultz, 2003). External integration calls for external allies like PR agencies and advertising to work collaboratively in order to avail an integrated and cohesive message. The main principles of integrated marketing communications comprise: Consistency: A major topic in integrated marketing is consistency. It basically speaks to delivering an identical message about a brand or service across all elements of the media. This is a function that can assist a telecom service provider to create a brand identity that is both effective as well as impressive. For example, a corporation with a high-quality brand has to ensure that its message to different media outlets maintain the same timbre of message that conve ys the promise of superb quality (Pelsmacker, Geuens and Bergh, 2004). If the business invests in an effective TV advertisement but cuts costs in its advertisements in print media, the clients will get a mixed message about the service. Distribution Considerations: Integrated marketing is also about the supply-chain outcomes of a service provider. This basically entails working with contractors that have good reputations that will raise the profile of the telecom service provider. It also means utilising information gathered during marketing to enhance services that meet customer expectations while also improving the general experience of the consumer. Interactive: Interactive marketing encourages and supports a two-way communication process with consumers. This

Agents of socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Agents of socialization - Essay Example I have been taught to respect the authority of my father and to look after my mother and the rest of my family as well. I think that the basic ideas of right and wrong, and a belief in the importance of family came to me through the social agents of my parents and grandparents. School was not such an important influence for me, at least not until I went to college. I found that what I learn through reading is more important than some of the lessons at school, and I did not fully understand how to make the best of school until I was well over 20 years old. In recent years I am discovering that a lot of things can be learned from other students, and not just the teachers. Listening to other students talk in class is a way of understanding the pressures and pleasures of different kinds of people. Politics becomes more interesting when you can link it to real life people that you know yourself, and so I have to admit that my fellow students have been important agents of socialization for me, especially because I missed out on an American childhood, and cannot always imagine how and why people hold certain views. Of course teachers are important agents of socialization too. I respect my teachers and observe how they behave in a professional way and this is impo rtant for my future, since I hope one day to be in a position of some authority in a responsible job and dealing with other people. The media are a major agent of socialization in my life and I love to use the latest gadgets and keep up with what is happening in the world. When I was young I could not imagine the possibility of being in touch with people from all over the world but now I have friends in Iran, in Europe, the Middle East and all over America through the means of social media like facebook and twitter. I do not read newspapers very much, and I do not have much time for television, but my computer is always with me, and I read about everything on my laptop. This allows me to form my own

Corporate Governance for Lebanese SMEs Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Governance for Lebanese SMEs - Thesis Example In the dialog box, I clicked Coding Criteria and defined my search using the Simple button. Using Query Options, I described the storage methodology for my query results (Stanford University 2012). Another feature that was vital during data analysis using Nvivo9 software was the selection of hierarchical nodes (codes) to help in furthering the classification of vital information. This procedure is very crucial since it involves the processes of merging, deleting, and adding relevant categories to the analysis. With the emergence of new and refined themes, the analysis narrows down to fields that can be interpreted by the reader of the information. Further filtering of the data involved the use of Matrix Query. This option allowed me to balance and show the emerging results in the matrix table. Each matrix cell has a newly created node for easy grouping of the needed information. Opening the newly created node explores all the elements stored in there (Stanford University 2012). Using different categories in the Matrix and Coding Query I developed my data interpretation ideas as per the emerging patterns, meanings and categories. I believe that I used the Nvivo9 software correctly in coming up with the stated

Econometrics ; GDP growth in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econometrics ; GDP growth in US - Essay Example When evaluated using the Yuan as a reference, the Chinese economy now stands two-thirds larger than its position in 2004. Of this, over half of the contribution to the growth can be attributed to the GDP increase while the remainder is from statistical factors including the currency exchange fluctuations between the US Dollar and the Chinese Yuan. The Dollar has moved by 23% between 2004 and 2008 (The Economist, 2010). Economists indicate that a repeat of this 4-year trend with moves of over 34% would allow China to surpass the US economy between 2025-2-2028. This further signals that the US Dollar will stabilize at the existing exchange rates. A comparison of the performances of both the economies during the previous decade would put a comparative GDP growth change at 51% amongst both economies. This predicts 2021 as the passing date for the Chinese economy (David Greenaway, 2009). The recent global financial meltdown has however halted the tremendous growth of most economies in the world. While overturning the recent fortunes of the US economy, the crisis has provided enough glimpses into the highly interlinked global economy and demonstrated that even China is not an exception during such periods. The US economy is slowly coming out of a recession and China’s GDP growth dipped below the 10% annual mark for the first time in over a decade. Further, the Chinese government seems to have taken several important steps to continue a strengthening of its currency, helping its exports and the home industry against western competitors (OECD, 2009). The US economy grew by 5.9% during the fourth quarter of 2009, providing a strong impression that the world’s largest economy was on the path to recovery (The Economist, 2010). However, experts have been quick to point out that this growth was largely contributed inventory rebuilding, indicating that such an expansion may not be consistent in the

Dialogue of Civilizations and Modern Science Essay

Dialogue of Civilizations and Modern Science - Essay Example Those who hold this view argue that dialogue of civilizations from Europe, Asia, Middle East, and Africa is what led to the birth of modern science. One of the prominent scholars who hold this view is Noah Efron. Noah Efron, in his â€Å"That Christianity Gave Birth to Modern Science† in Galileo Goes to Jail, says that a dialogue of civilizations led to the birth of modern science (Numbers, 2009). This paper will discuss how a dialogue of civilizations really led to the birth of modern science. In addition, it will discuss what the relationship between science and religion in the Africa, Middle East, and Asia tell us about the subsequent history of the dialogue of civilizations and modern science. Critical examination by a number of prominent historians, philosophers, and scientists on the grand question of the birth or genesis of modern science have often indicated that modern science was a product of a dialogue of civilizations from many parts of the world (Brooke and Number s, 2011). There is a consensus among most of them that different cultures and civilizations is what contributed to the birth and development of modern science. ... Besides, while these views tend to acknowledge that there were developments and inventions in other civilizations that might have led to birth of modern science, they fail to acknowledge them as being critical to the birth and development of modern science (Harrison, 2010). Those holding Eurocentric views on this subject argue that modern science would not have developed in any other culture because of the absence of cultural factors that were present in Europe such as the Greek heritage, Roman concept of law, or the Christian religion (Numbers, 2009). History of science is awash with evidence of critical and unique developments and inventions that were achieved by Chinese, Arab, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations that serve to show how dialogue of civilizations led to the birth of modern science (Horton, 1997). The inventions and developments by these civilizations have had huge influence on the findings that scientists made throughout the birth and rise of modern science. The combi nation of these civilizations and European civilizations brought enormous achievements in science. Even those who argue that European civilization was the main contributing factor to the birth of science also agree that European scientists integrated discoveries across different civilizations in order to create and subsequently develop modern science (Brooke and Numbers, 2011). This point of view by those holding Eurocentric view regarding the birth of science is in itself a strong proof of how a dialogue of civilizations led to the birth of modern science (Harrison, 2010). Great findings and discoveries in various civilizations at different periods in history encouraged and guided the scientific

Response to a Rodriguez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to a Rodriguez - Essay Example The language barrier has been shown as the major drawback into assimilation processes that an immigrant comes across when he/she comes to a foreign land. I agree with Rodriguez about the changes that he underwent were necessary for him to finally accept his new country as his own. The changes were also needed for the natives to accept him within their fold. According to Rodriguez, the initial years were tough for him as a child because he and his family had not made concerted efforts to overcome the barriers of the language and were satisfied with the little knowledge of their host country’s language. Inside their home, they all felt comfortable because they could express their feelings and emotions in their won language. But outside the home, they were diffident and awkward because of the lack of adequate knowledge of the English language which made communication with outsider difficult. Once he became confident that he could express himself in the native language of English, it became easier for him to interact with others, feel more comfortable and develop a sense of belonging. These are the common challenges immigrants fac e and overcoming language barriers becomes the key to the process of assimilation. Rodriguez had undergone the painful experiences of two societies, public and private. While the public society had made him self conscious, the private society at home had given him love and happiness. Looking at the wider implications of the two and the role of languages, he found it is imperative one learn the foreign language or English, so the immigrants can effectively overcome the feeling of alienation. The language is the main mode of communication that facilitates better understanding as well as helps to build relationship. It also ultimately lets one have an identity in a foreign land and promotes acceptance of immigrants within mainstream society. The middle class ethnics and early settlers

Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islam - Research Paper Example Introduction One thing is for certain, Islam like all religions without exception is beautiful, peace- loving, moral, and its core consists of humanity above all. The phenomenal prosperity of Islamic reformation was the result of its capability to lead the masses out of the wretched predicament generated by the demode civilizations. Islam launched a splendid chapter of social records of mankind. It hauled away the played out old, to establish the vital new. The quest of Prophet Muhammad was to invigorate the country, eager in inquiry of learning and power in the tide of evolution (Roy, 1958) Islam, like all others religions preaches its followers to do good deeds and refrain from bad ones. The purpose of every religion is to promote and spread love, peace, tolerance, and sustainability and Islam is no different. It is essentially a peaceful and tolerant religion and it is a shame that today we have turned a blind eye towards the beautiful and fragrant flower that is Islam and are ent angled in the nonnegotiable and complex web of controversies and misunderstandings surrounding it. Methods Research papers, videos, books, and websites relating to the research were explored and studied to substantiate the findings and providing a base for the discussions. Results Emergence of Islamic Culture Muslim youth are less inclined to the propensities of voluntary ethnic isolation of their elders. The group efficaciously makes friends with Muslims of different races and ethnic inclinations and also effectively develops friendships with people from Jew, Christian, or other religions that they meet socially or professionally. Children of immigrants are likewise step by step entering a broader range of professions and are becoming prominent with each passing day. Western culture has its qualities in its appreciation for the individual, the adaptability of its polite social order, and the limitations it endeavors to place on the haughtiness of political force. It has its shortco ming in its helplessness to yield family values and strict ethics to the longings of business and trade (Moaddel, 2002). The religion of Islam, taking into account the eager accommodation of the single person to the Divine Will is a fitting religion for such a social order. The Divine Will, as enunciated in the Qur'an uncovers the standards by which the welfare of the singular and the neighborhood are orchestrated. Along these lines, Muslims ought to have the capacity to uncover a critical place in Western social order, utilizing the structure for organization building and for singular progression to make utilization of the qualities of Western culture and to help overcome its shortcomings (HRH, 1993). Progressively, that is the thing that western Muslims have achieved successfully. Similarities I chose to discuss the most basic and most controversial aspects; One God The most basic and fundamental testimony of Islam and every other mainstream religion is having faith and believing that there is only one God. It was the most important and central message delivered to the followers, at first by Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, and Moses (Prophets and Prophecy). Moses testifies; â€Å"Hear, O Israel The Lord our God is one Lord.†

Humanitarian Intervention Essay Example for Free

Humanitarian Intervention Essay The United Nations is an international organization that fights for world peace, and strives to control international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. In the United Nation’s preamble, it states the organization is â€Å"determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.† However, the U.N. can often be ineffective and it has been an ongoing debate between the world’s leaders whether or not intervention is justified when inhumane acts are committed in foreign lands. Too many human beings have been victims of violence, rape and/or other crimes on the U.N.’s watch all because the organization is not authorized to forcefully intervene in another country. The United Nations Security Council is responsible for preserving peace between nations and even within nations, and when a nation is committing atrocious acts against its citizens, the U.N. and other nations should have the right to intervene militarily to end those abuses. Just as if a teenager would take on the responsibilities of providing a home and food for themselves when they move out, a country assumes the responsibility of taking care of its citizens when it becomes independent. When a country proves to the outside world it is not capable of controlling its citizens and maintaining a peaceful nation, blue helmeted U.N. troops may invade these unstable regions. It would be inhumane for the U.N., any country, or any human to witness a population suffering and not try to interfere in some way. To look the other way would be immoral and an inhumane act of itself. When trying to obtain peace in foreign countries, peaceful negotiations are not always successful and other means are necessary. In the past, the U.N. has not been able to aid suffering populations militarily and has failed to protect the citizens from vicious crimes. In a survey taken by the U.N. in 2007, â€Å"which covered a total of 14 countries, plus the Palestinian Territories, [it] found that solid majorities in each of 12 national pools believe that the U.N. Security Council should have the right to authorize the use of military force to protect innocent people from genocide and other massive abuses, even against the will of their own government† (Lobe). Even with the support of the majority of world, the U.N. still does not have the authority to forcefully protect innocent people from cruelty. When tens of thousands of people were being killed in Darfur, and Rwanda, it was the U.N.’s responsibility to step in and save the lives of those living in a country at an unfortunate time. However, by following their rules of procedure, the U.N. troops were not allowed to use force unless fired upon. Since 2003, â€Å"tens of thousands of people have being killed and over one million people displaced† in Darfur and in 1994, Hutus killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda (Spectators to Genocide). â€Å"As a result of the massacre [in Rwanda], there are more than one million orphans† (Rust). But when the blue helmeted troops entered the Rwandan chaos, there was not much they could do to stop the genocides that were taking place right before their eyes. It took the United Nations three years after the United States declared the events taking place in Darfur as genocide to interfere, and even still the U.N. has done nothing beneficial to help those suffering in Darfur. Unable to seize weapons, the blue helmets stand by powerless. Had the United Nations involved itself earlier in Rwanda and Darfur and at full force, millions of people’s lives could have been saved or bettered. If the U.N. involved itself militarily, it is possible that the U.N. may have a few casualties, but the United States Army has lost a good number of soldiers over the years while fighting for causes they believe in. Sometimes sacrifices need to be made, and if a few members of the U.N. were lost in effort to protect the lives of thousands of people and potentially save a population, it would be an admirable sacrifice. It should be the world’s responsibility to defend civilians when its government is guilty of neglecting to â€Å"protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity (Reeves). Had the United Nations acted quicker when the Hutus began killing the Tutsis, and put an end to the vicious attacks that took place during those days, future genocides could have possibly been prevented. Instead, the word genocide can be heard more frequently and little is being done to stop that. Thousands of lives could have been saved or altered had the United Nations been able to step in and militarily defend the helpless populations of Rwanda and Darfur. Justification of humanitarian intervention is essential in order to protect the lives and rights of those suffering from genocide. The U.N. should want a reputation of not allowing genocides to take place, but instead the organization is being criticized for the lack of effort and aid being lent to those countries in need. Over the years, too many lives have been lost or damaged due to genocide and other inhumane acts. Humanitarian intervention needs to be allowed when a country is not protecting its citizens, in effort to save the lives of populations. The United Nations’ ineffectiveness in the past should be enough of a reason for why humanitarian intervention should be justified. It is imperative that the United Nations be entitled to militarily involve itself when innocent lives are in danger. Works Cited Charter of the United Nations: Preamble. Welcome to the United Nations: Its Your World. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. . Jim Lobe. U.N.: POLL SHOWS BROAD SUPPORT FOR U.N. ACTION AGAINST GENOCIDE. Global Information Network 6 April 2007 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Reeves, E. Failure to Protect: International Response to Darfur Genocide. Harvard International Review 29.4 (2008): 84-85. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Rust, Selina. RWANDA: REMEMBERING THE UNFORGETTABLE. Global Information Network 9 April 2010 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. Spectators to Genocide. Wall Street Journal 2 Aug. 2007, Eastern edition: National Newspaper Abstracts (3), ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

A Study On Allahabad Tourism Essay

A Study On Allahabad Tourism Essay Known as Prayaga in the Vedic literature, as Tirth raj in the Puranas, and as Illahabas during the times of Emperor Akbar, Allahabad is situated at Triveni Sangam, or the confluence of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Sarasvati (which has now disappeared). It is an ancient belief that all sins get washed away when you enter this holy city. Various mythological stories are attached to this city. It formed the epicenter of the Indian Freedom Movement and has produced many of Indias leading political figures. Many important government offices are also situated in this city. It is also well-known for the Diocese of Allahabad. Allahabad is a city of mixed cultures. Awadhi is the dialect of Hindi spoken here. Places to See Allahabad is a both a historical and a popular center for education. Places you must visit at Allahabad are: The Sangam Maha Kumbh Mela (after every 12 years) Allahabad Fort Patalpuri Temple Ashoka Pillar Akshaya Vat Allahabad High Court Shivkoti Mahadev Temple Someshwar Mahadev Temple Anand Bhavan Allahabad Planetarium Allahabad Museum Patthar Girja Minto Park Khusro bagh Dashaswamedh Temple (on the bank of Ganges in Daraganj) Prayag Sangeet Samiti (A place in Civil Lines for musically oriented) Shopping Being a historical and religious center, shopping in Allahabad for ethnic jewelry, incense sticks, sandalwood, camphor, and vermillion, posters of gods and goddesses, and items made of brass can be a memorable experience. For the book lovers, Allahabad is a city of publishers. Where To Stay Allahabad caters to people of all economic strata. Some of the hotels that we recommend are: Kanha Shyam Hotel, Hotel Milan Palace, Hotel Saket, Grand Continental Hotel and Hotel Ajay International. How to Reach Allahabad For the international traveler, the best route to Allahabad would be to take a flight to New Delhi and then take any one of the innumerable trains from New Delhi to Allahabad. By Road: Allahabad is situated on the National Highways 2 and 27 and well-connected by roads in good condition to all the other parts of the state. You can either take a bus run by the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport or a private transporter. An eight-lane access known as Ganga Expressway is soon going connect Allahabad to other cities. By Rail: Allahabad is a major city on the railway map of India. Many rains ply to and fro. Some of them are the Shivganga Express (from New Delhi), New Delhi-Puri Express, Mathura Express (from Mathura). By Air: The nearest Airport is at Bamrauli (14 km) and Varanasi (120 km). There are regular flights from Delhi.

American Law Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the United States there are many different laws among the fifty states that make up this union. The laws are different throughout the states because of the need of the laws. Living in one state and not having the advantages or disadvantages of a law in another state would not be that unfair or unequal. This is true because if you don’t like a law in your state you could always fight it and try to change it or you could always move out of that state and go to one that has the laws that you like. One of the big issues in life today is gun safety. Due to the recent high school shootings many legislatures are pushing for stricter gun laws. In Montana you can’t carry a concealed weapon inside city, town or logging camp limits but if you have a permit you can carry a concealed weapon in many instances. Where as in Wisconsin the state does not give permits that give a person the right to carry a concealed weapon, if caught with a concealed weapon it is a misdemeanor. Now looking at these two cases would you say that this is unfair to the people in Wisconsin because they can’t walk around the streets with a concealed gun. I don’t think that it is unfair but in fact a precaution that Wisconsin has, and they are actually looking out for the safety of their citizens. Another law that we can look at is drinking and driving. All the states have different laws on how high your blood alcohol level can be. After reviewing some of the laws I found that in Vermont if your are pull...

Cognitive Psychology Essay -- Papers Neurology Essays

Cognitive Psychology Psychology is defined as the study of mind, emotion and behaviour. One major perspective within psychology is known as cognitive psychology, which is primarily concerned with the explanation of thought processes through the development of theoretical mental systems. Cognitivism is somewhat broad in it’s approaches to psychology and only linked in it’s goal to create hypothetical mental structures to explain behaviour (â€Å"History & Scope Of Psychology†). The exact origins of cognitivism are difficult to pinpoint. Ideas that make up the perspective have been traced back to ancient Greece; however it is in modern times that it has developed to it’s prominent status of today. This period of time is referred to as the â€Å"cognitive revolution† of the 1960’s, lead by the work of those such as Piaget and Chomsky. Prior to this revolution, behaviourism (the study of cause and effect; environmental factors and their effect upon behaviour) was considered to be the dominant school of thought in psychology; however cognitivism soon emerged as the new dominant perspective. (â€Å"The History & Scope of Psychology†). It was in the 1967 publication of Cognitive Psychology by Neisser that a name was coined for the rising field of psychological science, and an outline of major research-to-date and significant concepts was offered. (Maclin & Solso, 2000) The goals of cognitivism are to attempt to understand the way in which the many processes of our minds work, through use of the scientific research method. It emphasises the importance of the mind in .. ...d adverse behaviour. Appleton Century Crofts: New York. Maclin, Otto H & Solso, Robert L. (2000) â€Å"Cognitive Psychology: History Of The Field† in Encyclopedia Of Psychology, Vol 2. American Psychological Association: New York. Neisser, U (1967) Cognitive Psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts: New York. Piaget, J (1962) Play, Dreams & Imitation In Childhood. WW Norton: New York. Piaget, J (1970), Piaget's theory. In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, Vol.1. Wiley: New York. Ross, Suzanne L & Sharpe, Pete R. (1987) Living Psychology. Scribe Publications: Victoria Shannon, CE (1948) Mathematical Theory Of Communication in Bell System Tech. J. 27, 379-423, 623-656 Smith, E.E (2001) â€Å"Cognitive Psychology: History† in Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol 3. Elsevier: Oxford

Biometrics Security Essay -- Biometric Technology

Biometrics Security Biometrics uses personal characteristics to identify users. When it comes to security, mapping unique patterns and traits in fingerprints, irises or voices is considered light years ahead of forcing employees to memorize combination of letters and numbers -- which are easily compromised and easily forgotten. The technology works by taking measurements -- whether it is the weight and length of bones in the hand or the pattern of blood vessels inside the eye or the pattern of fingerprints -- and then storing the specifics, often called minutiae, in a database. When a user scans a hand or retina, the new mapping is compared with the stored data. Access is either granted or denied based on matching patterns that are unique to each individual. It's that ability to identify someone based on unique physical traits that is driving biometrics into the corporate enterprise. As more high-priced transactions are conducted over the Internet, businesses increasingly need ironclad authentication of someone's identity. Add to that the increasing amount of in"house security breaches and corporate espionage, and you'll find network and security administrators grappling for a better way to secure information from unauthorized eyes. "Somebody who is doing stock trades online wants security that is amazingly accurate," says Michael Thieme, a senior consultant for International Biometric Group in Manhattan, an independent biometrics consulting and integration firm." A lot of recent security incidents are making people aware that they have a lot of data that just isn't as secure as they thought it would be. . . . If biometrics can even be a small part of that, it will be a tremendous market." Costs are dropping Until recen... ...s fingerprint. That all amounts to an unlawful search." And that is bound to make some users uneasy or even unwilling to hand over their fingerprints. Grant Evans, vice president of Identix, calls it a small problem. "The fact is Big Brother has all the information he needs on you without your fingerprints," he says. Gail Koehler, vice president of technology for Purdue Employees Credit Union in West Lafayette, Ind., was worried that members would be upset when she first deployed fingerprint scanners in her automated branch kiosks. Koehler says 12,000 members have registered their fingerprints with the credit union. "We spent the majority of our marketing dollars preparing ourselves to convince members that this was secure and not an invasion of their privacy," she says. "It was wasted dollars. We've basically had no objections. Members prefer the security."

In the “Clearances” collection, what is revealed about Seamus Heaney and his relationship with his mother, and his thoughts and feelings about other

One of the most moving and emotional of Heaney's works is his collection of sonnets called ‘Clearances'. These sonnets were written in dedication and memoriam to his mother Margaret Kathleen Heaney, who died in 1984. The eight sonnets are filled with lively, detailed and vivid memories, but the strong and loving relationship between Heaney and his mother is constantly referred to also. Heaney has no difficulty in expressing openly the love felt for his mother, both by him and his family, as we see in the invocation at the beginning of the collection; ‘She taught me what her uncle once taught her'. Here we immediately see how his mother has taught him simple but great life wisdom, how to live and deal with problems in everyday life. This immediately identifies a clear picture of love and devotion towards her son, illuminating right from the beginning their strong mother/son relationship. This life wisdom is reflected again in sonnet 2, whereby she commands him on various rules before entering the house she grew up in; ‘And don't be dropping crumbs. Don't tilt your chair'. This yet again shows the close bond Heaney and his mother share, as she warns him in order to avoid him getting into trouble, showing that she is concerned over his welfare and wants to avoid upsetting him in any way possible. The fact that Heaney remembers this visit to his grandparents so vividly is also an indication of how important his mother and her family background was to him, as he shows a keep interest in all aspects of the visit. Despite this, the true reveal of the close bond shared by both mother and son is seen most apparent in sonnet 3, whereby Heaney describes the activities shared between them on times where it was just the two of them alone. In sonnet 3, he mentions himself and his mother preparing Sunday dinner; ‘I was all hers as we peeled potatoes. They broke the silence, let fall one by one'. The close bond between them is easily spotted here, as peeling potatoes is seen as a feminine image, yet Heaney is eager to help and share quality time with his mother, emphasising the importance she has in his life. The fact that there is silence is also an indication of their loving relationship, as neither feels the need to speak as they are enjoying just being in each other's company. ‘From each other's work would bring us to our senses', this yet again shows the unifying element between the both of them, almost as if they are part of one another, showing how alike they are. The change in mood in the second stanza emphasises Heaney's great pain at the loss of his mother. Yet despite this, they are still united as they were in the first stanza, ‘her breath in mine', once again highlighting the closeness shared between them. The final line in the third sonnet is a clear confirmation of the strength in the bond placed between Heaney and his mother as he feels the closest he has ever felt to her at a time when he should feel most distanced; her death, ‘never closer the whole rest of our lives'. A similar pattern of silence is shown in sonnet 4, where Heaney writes about his mother and how she dealt with her son being very intellectual despite only coming from a loving farming background. In the sonnet, Heaney mentions the silent fear felt by his mother at the thought of people thinking of her as a snob, the fear of thinking that her family will think she's above herself, ‘Fear of affectation made her affect. Inadequacy whenever it came to pronouncing words ‘beyond her'. Bertold Brek'. This shows us the discomfort felt by Heaney's mother by being torn to stay at her family's intellectual level or progress in order to be the same as her son. Read also Intro to Public Relations Notes We gain knowledge from the sonnet that she is slightly more knowledgeable than she decides to show, ‘well-adjusted vocabulary'. The result of her choice here illuminates the close bond between her and Heaney, as Heaney shows respect towards her by ‘governed my tongue in front of her'. He speaks as she would in order to keep to his background and make her feel less uncomfortable, which shows that he thinks about her thoughts and feelings and puts them before his own. Despite this, Heaney's education is affecting them as the ‘grammar which kept us allied and at bay'. This illuminates the problems faced by Heaney and his mother, despite speaking less intellectually for the right reasons, at the same time neither are being true to themselves, and are lying about the real person inside in order to please each other. The devoted bond between Heaney and his mother is illuminated again in sonnet 5. In this sonnet, Heaney talks again about another female activity that he is helping his mother with, helping her to fold sheets that have newly come in off the line. The intimacy between them is revealed once more as their hands ‘end up hand to hand'. This shows yet again the closeness between him and his mother as they are together in such an emotional way by performing such a simple task. There is a slight flaw again in their relationship in this poem however, as we begin to see the differences faced by both Heaney and his mother with Heaney's education seems to overpower his mother, ‘and pulled against her; suggesting that as he grows and becomes more intelligent, it is slowly pushing them away from each other. Sonnet 6 shows a change in Heaney's age, and it becomes clear that he is in his teenage years. Despite the change however, his relationship with his mother seems unaffected. He compares his mother with the book Sons and Lovers. The title of the book immediately shows us the deep love felt for his mother during these years, and their closeness is still confirmed as they kneel ‘elbow to elbow' in the church at Easter time. Heaney sees this as important and shows us that mother and son are both entering a different phase, they are both now devoutly religious. At a time when their views should differ however, Heaney and his mother remain allied, a true indication of the emotionally powerful shared between them. The ultimate reveal of the unconditional love and strength between Heaney and his mother is show in sonnet 7, the sonnet describing the death of his mother. On her deathbed, Heaney, along with other members of his immediate family show his mother the affection she longed for and deserved, ‘he called her good and girl'. Here, Heaney shows the most affection he ever has to his mother, revealing true feelings he has towards her. The fact that Heaney feels a ‘space' after she dies is also a key suggestion to the closeness of their relationship, that the woman he has loved and adored has left him and he feels emptiness, as if nothing can replace her, showing how highly Heaney thought of his mother. ‘It penetrated Clearances that suddenly stood open. High cries were felled and a pure change happened', yet again here, the flawless relationship shared between Heaney and his mother is shown as despite her spirit leaving her body, her ways have been passed on to him, and the use of the word ‘kept' suggests that Heaney will never forget her. The end of this sonnet, with the use of the word ‘felled' links sonnet 7 with sonnet 8, the final in the collection. In it, Heaney talks about the tree that has been removed from the garden in which he lived by new owners. I thought of walking round and round a space', this shows the emptiness felt by Heaney after his mother's death, and the tree is symbolic of the loss of his mother also. The closeness of the relationship between them is reflected in the feelings felt by Heaney after his mother's death, he, like the tree, also feels like he has been cut, both physically and emotionally, ultimately illuminating the desperation he feels now that his mother is not around, emphasising the closeness between them. Despite the focus of Clearances being on the experiences of Heaney and his mother, we are also informed of Heaney's thoughts and feelings towards other members of his family. In the invocation, we are made aware of Heaney's ancestors, including his uncle and other, present day family members who are working on the farm. Heaney shares his fear of being different to his family ‘to face the music'. It is clear that he is different to them, an academic gem, and it is clear that he is of the opinion that his family are being who they are supposed to be, and he believes that he is putting himself in danger by going against family tradition. This shows the respect he feels towards his family, and he takes their feelings into consideration, as he does not want to hurt them emotionally or cause them any unnecessary pain. The next family member we are introduced to is his great-grandmother in the hard times when she married outside the tribe and changed her religion. Heaney doesn't see her actions as anything unacceptable and sees it as an inheritance ‘to dispose of' after his great-grandmother's passing. He is ultimately respectful to his past family members and sees the ‘exonerated stone' as a mark of triumph not embarrassment. He shows great support and respect towards his great-grandmother and is brave enough to speak against what other people think are right, illuminating the support and love felt for his great-grandmother. In sonnet 2, we are introduced briefly to Heaney's grandparents. Yet again, Heaney feels respect towards them and sees their way of life as organised and traditional, a successful way to be. He clearly feels great affection and love towards them as he listens to his mother's imperatives in order not to upset them and make things easier for his mother, ‘to welcome home a bewildered homing daughter'. The final member of Heaney's family that we are introduced to is his father. In sonnet 3, Heaney sees and portrays him as a quiet man, a man who does not speak much, ‘hammer and tong at the prayers for the dying'. There is also a hint that Heaney's father is a man of few emotions, at the suggestion that he is not crying at his wife's bedside. However, in sonnet 7, Heaney sees him in a whole new light. His father describes his mother as ‘good' and ‘girl', and talks about the early days of their courtship, and finally shows her affection by bending down to her ‘propped-up head'. Heaney is overjoyed at this, ‘she could not hear but we were overjoyed', as his father finally feels like he did towards his mother. It is possible that Heaney feels a slight closeness towards his father at this point, that both are united in their grief. He clearly feels love towards his father, and his comforted by the words spoken by him at his mothers deathbed.

Crime in Brave New World: What Constitutes Crime?

The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley was a satirical book that criticized human trends and created, according to the present course of human development, an ideal society, where everyone belongs to a particular social class which they are unable to escape.In this regulated society, certain aspects of life are considered sinful, and regarded as crime, and are forbidden from even being brought up in social settings. But one of Huxley’s most serious crimes in his novel is that of family loyalty. The Utopia and its PoliciesThe scenario described in the book was that of a utopia, but it was only so in that everyone adhered strictly to certain policies. There was little freedom, or room for rebellion or even modest social exploration in this scenario, as such engagements could challenge the state, which endeavored to keep everything in place. This meant to appease the state, everyone would have lead a bland life with little social freedom and hardly any civil liberties, and th ey were to perform the duty the state had given them.The future society, which in this book takes place in London during the year 2540 AD, is built around certain ideals which are represented time and again by the conformation of people to the ideology created. Crime as Something that Contradicts State Informal crime is represented by anything that goes against the ideals of the society.The society is The World State, where everything is peaceful and coordinated, so long as everyone follows their given life directions (which are actually more like instructions, or restrictions on anything other than what each was intended to do).The state is stable as everyone works in accord with it, but doing so means that everyone must realize basic social restrictions, which, in the actual world, would often be privileges. Conformity and tacit and constantly expressed consent to this society are imperative parts of its existence, as it draws from every person within it.The World State’s C onformity Requirement, and Assembly Line Structure The World State uses a definite class system, and from young ages, children are taught to except the given class they were born into, as it was best for them.In the novel, the year the book takes place in is the â€Å"year of our Ford, 632,† which is taken from the Ford motor company and its assembly line technique. This technique is applied to the public in The World State, as everyone is supposed to do their part, and not doing so, or exploring any alternatives to someone’s given and directed path of life represents that person’s committing a crime. Anything that could challenge conformity, or this assembly line lifestyle is crime in this society.Sexual exploration, or even talk of such taboos as pregnancy and drugs are examples of crimes, as they are mentally stimulating, which seems to be the basic component of all crime. But the biggest crime might be adherence to family. Families inevitably create loyalty. This takes the loyalty of the individual to the state away, and gives it to other individuals. Alliance is wrong, because alliance represents loyalty to some entity other than the state, which only exists by collecting everyone’s undisputed loyalty.Savages: Those who Manage to Break Away or Avoid the Restrictive State â€Å"‘Wanted to have a look at the savages. Got a permit for New Mexico and went there for my summer holiday. With the girl I was having at the moment. She was a Beta-Minus, and I think’ (he shut his eyes), ‘I think she had yellow hair.Anyhow she was pneumatic, particularly pneumatic; I remember that,’† Huxley’s director stated at one point, illuminating the fact that people who have and exercise free will, and do as they please by living outside of the Utopia, are savages (chapter six section two).At the same time as he is explaining his trip to the savage reservation, he is designating aspects of The World State, as the girl he is describing was not actually he daughter, but only implemented by the state to be so. She was predestined to follow his line of life.Instead of natural pregnancy, citizens of the utopia use pregnancy substitutes, which are medical procedures that impregnate women without the assistance of men. The closest thing to any sort of rebellion citizens of The World State have access to is the drug soma, which intoxicates in a sort of technical way.There are no dangerous side effects, and this makes it somehow conform with the ideal society. Breaking Away from and Taking from the Brainwashing Society: The Ultimate Crime Because the society described in Brave New World is one where societal brainwashing (usually exercised by sleep education, or hypnopaedia) is commonplace, people believe that the state is best for them. Alternatives to the state are therefore commonly discouraged, although education can ultimately allow freedom from this restricting society, and allow people to enj oy aspects of the peaceful life of savages.â€Å"Education for freedom must begin by stating facts and enunciating values, and must go on to develop appropriate techniques for realizing the values and for combating those who, for whatever reason, choose to ignore the facts or deny the values,† Huxley wrote in Brave New World Revisited, in chapter eleven (1958). But because the society taught the same values to everyone according to their class, education beyond those values was considered an act of rebellion, and was therefore deemed criminal.Such education allowed for people to recognize, and possibly embrace loyalties to entities other than The World State, which would lead to the destruction of the state. And even basic loyalties, such as those amongst families or friends, took some of every individual’s allegiance to the state, which, in Brave New World, constituted the most serious of crimes, discouraged by the state by expulsion from a not so perfect utopia.Bibli ographyHuxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1946. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World Revisited. New York.

A great earthquake Essay

The magnitude 8. 8 earthquake that occurred a month ago in Chile, as well as the impending tsunami along the Pacific Rim is the product of a fortuitous event. These are events which cannot be foreseen or which though foreseen are inevitable. The quake struck at 3:34 a. m. in central Chile. The capital Santiago is about 200 miles from the epicenter and Concepcion, Chile’s second-largest metropolitan area, is roughly 70 miles from the quake’s center. A magnitude of 8. 0 or greater is classified as a great earthquake which results to communities being destroyed. The 8. 8 magnitude earthquake in Chile has killed lesser people compared to the 7. 0 magnitude that struck Haiti on January 12 that killed more than 200,000 people. It was 32 times the energy higher and 64 times greater than what took place in Haiti. The difference in the death toll lies in the buildings’ structures and their construction. Unless a building is designed and engineered specifically to withstand an 8. 0 or greater earthquake it’s going to sustain considerable damage. Even buildings that are well built sustain significant damage. Buildings that are poorly built are completely destroyed. Chile, being a more industrialized nation came up with more stringent building codes. By designing a more flexible structure, we can lessen the effect of the disaster. It makes the buildings slide or sway but not crumble to the ground. Engineers who work on earthquake resistant buildings said that current technologies prevent well-designed buildings from cracking when the ground shakes beneath them Natural disasters such as floods, tsunami and earthquakes do occur. There is nothing we can do to prevent it. However, there is something we can do to lessen its impact. Earthquakes alone don’t actually kill people; it is the collapsed structures that do the damage. Disaster preparedness as well as earthquake-proof buildings are the keys to lessen the impact of such disaster.

The Reign of Charles V

Charles V reigned over a vast empire in a tumultuous age. The New World was a relatively recent discovery, and several other factors point to the idea that Charles V's reign coincided with a global transition into the modern age. Although Charles V's focus was primarily domestic (in the sense of Europe and the surrounding territory), the meeting of traditional values and modern ideology was one of many issues Charles faced, independence was another. Consolidating and re-consolidating his power was a problem that sapped much of Charles V's, and by extension his empire's, time and resources. From the papacy to the fiercely independent German coalition of prince-states, Charles often to had to take extra measures to enforce his policy in an empire that varied greatly from one polity to the next. Religion was another obstacle faced by Charles. The Protestant Reformation (steeped in the last vestiges of a somewhat anti-clerical Renaissance movement) appealed to many not only as more pious faith, but as a tool to be used for political maneuvering and opposition against an emperor whose motto was â€Å"Further beyond† (in regards to spreading the Christian faith). These concerns coupled with the always-present threat of foreign invasion made ruling over his empire an incredibly demanding and difficult task. Add to that the largely impractical and complex political process of the time, the question of finance, and a peasantry discontent synonymous with the values of the modern age, and you have a long and arduous list of problems faced by Charles. Although Charles the V was focused primarily on reform and maintenance rather than expansion, his conquering of the Aztecs and Incas can be considered brutal success and added greatly to the territory of New Spain. Cultural, economic, and political disparity throughout the empire, the search for financial backing (as well as questionable fiscal habits), foreign threat, and the problem of enforcing his often conventional policy in an era of change make the reign of Charles the V one worth studying. The empire preceded over by Charles encompassed many different cultures and made the vision of one wholly unified political entity hugely unfeasible, â€Å"By tradition he ruled only with the consent of the Imperial Diet, whose sheer size and diversity of interests made agreement almost impossible† (Maltby 22). As heir to not only the Habsburg dynasty, but a host of other territories (some of which his authority was unrecognized), Charles had to undertake the task of administrating over unique polities that themselves had issues administrating. Peasant unhappiness had long been an issue in medieval Europe, and combined with the scarcity of labor (due to the Black Death) peasants took on a new feeling of self-worth and importance. This often culminated in open revolt and passive resistance when the peasant class's demands were discarded as usual. This caused issues in management for the individual polities and on a larger scale for Charles. Charles had to deal with a huge difference in political process between any given polity, from the loose organization of the German States to the Cortes. Charles dealt with this largely on a by-issue basis, choosing to solve one problem at a time. This was in line with Charles's cautious nature, for a decision made to solve one problem could not be considered without regard to how it would affect the others, such is the nature of the interconnected problems facing him. Even unifying factors such as the church had trouble bringing together polities that were more often concerned with individual well being and privilege then with the welfare of the empire. Charles had too many issues too deal with at once, so he employed viceroys (regional governors) as extensions of imperial will. Many of Charles' problems stem from the lack of a unifying force in the empire, as unrealistic as it would be to imagine one at that time. A constant and expensive threat faced by Charles was that of foreign invasion. Charles was faced with defense of a â€Å"Vast patchwork of principalities that were neither geographically contiguous nor similar†¦ in culture or tradition† (Maltby 8). The frequent clashes with France and it's monarch Francis the I mark the most prominent campaign in â€Å"terms of blood and money† (Maltby 32). Charles developed a personal rivalry with Francis as evidenced by his repeated offers to settle huge disputes with a duel. Sometimes called the Habsburg-Valois rivalry, France was located dead in the center of Charles's empire. And with France's resources and military ambition rivaling that of Charles, conflicts between the two were frequent and costly. France's interest in the Italian peninsula fueled it's military conquests and was a continuation of French interest in the area dating back to Charles VIII's invasion in 1494. The French were defeated in 1525 (culminating in Francis's capture and the treaty of Madrid), inconclusively in 1529 (leading to the Treaty of Cambrai), and again inconclusively in 1538 with a truce (although the conflict would later start up with a renewed Frankish-Ottoman alliance). Charles owed much of his military success to his elite corps the tercios, a cohesive combination of â€Å"pikes with shot.. that would dominate European battlefields until the Thirty Years War† (Maltby 40). Some of the war successes and failures during conflict were directly related to advance in technology such as the bastion. Another threat, and one that endangered his very values, was that of the Islamic Ottoman empire. Starting out as one of many Christian raiding advocates of Islam, the Ottoman empire made territorial acquisitions at an alarming rate, especially alarming to the heavily Christian population at the time. The Ottoman empire found an able leader in Suleyman â€Å"The Magnificent† whose campaigns ended twice at Vienna due to logistical reasons. Failure to conquer the entirety of Charles's empire did not stop the sultan from dominating the Mediterranean and also unleashing the pirates upon Charles, some of who caused serious issues for him (Barbarossa) via harassment and guerrilla techniques. Charles's conflict with religion can be seen in his dealings with the Protestant Reformation (and a general anti-clerical position) as well as his subjugation of the papacy. Holding the title of Holy Roman Emperor had personal meaning to Charles, and his actions were often motivated by his desire to advance and protect the Christian faith. He met with opposition by not only the Protestant Reformation, but by a rebellious papacy concerned first with its own survival and second with the Christian faith. Although the papacy under Clement VII was largely pacified by instilling the Medici in Florence, the Reformation was not so easily quieted. The values behind the reformation attracted opportunists, condemners of the church, and peasant revolts alike, but the movement found a special foothold in the Germanic provinces. Besides using the new religion as a means of resisting imperial control, the princes had a more practical motivation, that by breaking with the church they could â€Å"Increase their revenues, strengthen their reserves of patronage, and gain control of†¦ institutions†¦. without alienating their subjects. † (Maltby 49). Actual proponents of the movement believed that it â€Å"offered a truer interpretation of the Gospels than that provided by the traditions of the Old Church† (Maltby 49). Whatever their justification, Charles V adopted a number of different stances concerning the Protestant Reformation. Domestically, the Inquisition was still active, and destroyed Spanish Protestantism (what little there was), and they also persecuted effectively any other movement that strayed from the accepted doctrine of the time. Concerning his less secure territorial acquisitions, Charles's stance ranged from tolerance to viewing Luther's doctrine as â€Å"False† and â€Å"Evil†, but the conflict manifested itself in the struggle between the Protestant formed Schmalkaldic League and Charles. Formed to be a united Protestant front against the still majority Christian Orthodoxy, The League was allowed to exist only as long as Charles was busy with the Ottomans. Once that threat had been neutralized (via treaty), Charles turned his attention elsewhere, namely to what he viewed as religious rebellion, the Schmalkaldic League. Charles, backed by papal troops, eradicated the league (who was plagued by authoritative indecisiveness) in a fashion reminiscent of the crusades. However the ever-present problem of enforcing his policy appeared in Charles's victory over the league. Many of the prince-states that re-converted remained largely protestant in population, placed no constrictions on the spread or practice of the faith, and some outright reverted back to Protestantism. Charles's legacy is often tainted by his fiscal actions. The empire needed mass amounts of money not only to function, but to finance Charles's martial actions. Charles's often depended on the system of redress after compensation, expected donations, and random windfalls. But by far his most relied upon source for money, were the banks. Charles borrowed heavily from many banks to support his endeavors. Often Charles could not repay the loan by the deadline, which led to a slew of re-negotiations, raised interest rates, and fees instituted by the banks to ensure profit. The relationship between them was initially symbiotic. Charles needed money and the banks were happy to profit off of the high interest rates and continued to supply him even when his credit dropped in the later years of his reign. Later in Charles's reign however, the banks realized he was no longer a safe nor profitable investment, which often forced him to resort to coercion to get the necessary funds. The diverse nature of the problems meant that no one solution would encompass the broad spectrum of issues facing Charles and his empire. Ranging from financial troubles, to foreign threat, to having core values that conflict with the changing times of that age, Charles allowed caution and his deep Christian values to guide him through those troubled times until his abdication and retirement to a monastery. Charles' reign certainly had its share of successes and failures, and Charles has been described as â€Å"not quite a good man, and not quite a great man† (Maltby 129), but he is certainly one worth re-examining, even four centuries later.

Symbolism of the Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Symbolism of the Journey - Essay Example She is worn out with fatigue, and many make it through many obstacles on her way. These include barbed wires, bushes, and thorns. On the other hand, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Frost is a poem concerning a speaker who travels along road, where he comes to a junction with two different roads and is in a dilemma concerning which one to take. The narrator alludes to the point the path had been travelled many times before, and it looks weary, though he is not sure he would be able to travel along the same path another time. Generally, the poem and the short story are about hardships, and dilemmas that the two speakers are involved in, with serious impediments along their determination to achieve their objectives. It takes both determination and perseverance for both speakers to travel their chosen paths to the end, though full of impediments and uncertainty. The stories are about decisions that are made in life, and the determination and struggles of many to make it through these life impediments, which are in most cases carved out by destiny, and not our choices. Frost opens the poem by introducing the audience to the dilemma facing the speaker, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both† (Savoie, 2004). These first lines portray the speaker as being indifferent to which way to decide or act. The speaker is more confused, and wishes he could travel both roads simultaneously, as portrayed in his indecisiveness. He stares at the roads for a long time perhaps wondering on the right decision to make, and finding claims to support this decision. The poem speaks on the essential decisions made in life, the nature of choice of how to take one decision or one direction as compared to the other, evaluating how one feels about one direction taken, or which one decides not to take and many more life decisions (Pritchard, 1997). These decisions are vague and unclear, as the speaker is not able to foretell what lies a short dista nce ahead, as portrayed by the last line of the first stanza â€Å"to where it bent in the undergrowth.† The speaker expresses feelings of indifference in what lies ahead, as he cannot see well in advance; the path is dense with undergrowth. Frost presents this indecisiveness to express the feeling of the speaker in anticipating surprises and uncertainties on each road that he takes. Similar to Frost’s path, Phoenix in â€Å"Worn Path† presents a path that is ridden with obstacles and vagueness. The narrative is complicated by the nature of Phoenix as an old woman who struggles to go through this difficult path to get medicine for the ailing grandson. She is old and weak, but the thought of her grandson makes her undergo this tormenting journey. â€Å"While needed rest forces her to stop for a while, she has a vision of a little boy handling her slice of marble cake† (Gilson, 2002). The narrative presents a worn out lady, struggling in a lonely world, alm ost to give up, but thought of her objectives makes her bring out her inner strength to keep going on. Her poverty and the effects of age on her health are clear; one wonders if it was worthy for her to take this torturous path. This is portrayed when she admits â€Å"Something takes hold of me on this hill- pleads I should stay †(Welty, 151). Phoenix is tired and almost to give up his determination, with nature in the so lonely path feeling her weariness and urging her to rest. In Frost’

Short Answer Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Short Answer Questions - Essay Example I feel like this is a reliable and valid assessment because it was an assessment carried out in a non-threatening and informal manner. Under this setting, there is a greater chance for the learner to open up and be honest about her feelings, thoughts, difficulties, and learning needs. I also believe this to be a reliable and valid assessment because it makes use of open-ended questions and these questions help the learners be less restricted by set questions and choices. They can even make their own reflection and self-assessment based on the questions posed and provide a heart-felt and thoughtful response to the questions. Q-1c. Think of another method of assessment used by you or your colleague to assess your learner relating to the same area of learning. Compare the two assessment methods and outcomes, and describe how these methods complemented and/or contradicted each other. Explain how you resolved any contradictions. Structured interviews were also used by me and my colleague in assessing the learner in the same area of learning. In comparing these two assessment methods, there is significant contrast seen. One uses open-ended questions, and structured interviews uses close-ended questions. ... carried out in a more casual setting and manner, without any expectation of their results being used as a method of assessment on the part of the learner. In the structured interviews, it is carried out in a less casual manner with the learner most likely seated on a table answering structured questions. The learner is also aware in this case that he or she is being interviewed for an assessment of his learning needs. For the most part, these two methods complemented each other. The informal interview provided a basis for the assessment of the learning needs, and the structured interview helped to fill in the blanks and gaps seen in the informal interview. Both methods of assessment provided means of confirming the learner’s patient needs. In effect, what may not have been revealed in one interview has been revealed in the other type of assessment. Assessment-2. Feedback:-Think about sessions when you gave positive and more critical feedback to your learner(s). Q-2a. Compare a nd contrast your experience of giving positive feedback to learner(s) (i) formally, in one-to-one sessions; and (ii) informally, when working together. Use examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In giving positive feedback formally, the learner was wary at first because she thought that she was going to be reprimanded. However, when she received the positive feedback, she was very much pleased. She also was pleased about being singled out for the positive feedback. She was also eager to talk about the good work that she was able to do and was eager to receive more feedback on how she could improve her work further. In the informal setting, any positive feedback I gave the learner was also well received, especially when I complemented her in front of the other

The General Systems Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The General Systems Theory - Essay Example But in reality complexities exist, thus Jordan’s taxonomy had many implied drawbacks (Skyttner, 2005). Beer and the Viable System’s Model: The viable system’s Model provides us with a more complex model of a system as compared to the one provided by Jordan. In this theory the author Stafford Beer related the performance of an organizational system with that of a human brain, in his book ‘Brain of the Firm’. According to him, a viable business has the abilities to self-repair, of self-awareness, recursion and the ability to maintain identity. Beer designed principles which must be followed by the organizations in order to be viable. These principles provided guidelines for the information flow in the organization through various channels, their cost effectiveness and their capacity to convert data relating to the need of every level of organization that suits their needs and how these activities should be coordinated without any loss or trouble. The f ive sub managerial systems that were described by Beer translated the flow of information through the organization and how they interrelate. Through these systems he showed how each level is dependent on the other level for the flow of information and as the levels increase, so does the responsibility and the sensitivity of the information. Thus, in his model System One is the lowest level of the organization and is the one that needs to be controlled, it includes the operational departments or subsidiaries with lowest level of information that is provided by higher levels, whereas System Five completes the system by monitoring the balance between the systems, it mainly constitutes of the shareholders and board of directors of the organization. Beer also devised... The computer designed on the basis of the concepts of Klir’s GSPS has the ability to solve issues for the user. His theory was based on various mathematical algorithms which correspond with engineering techniques to solve an issue. It has four functional units: the control unit, meta methodological support unit, a knowledge base and a set of methodological tools. The algorithms used are specified in order for problems dealt through these tools. Metamethodological support unit arranges the problems on the basis of their generality. Knowledge base unit stores the information related issues which can not be solved through the system. The user interface will work either through the conceptual framework or through a direct connection to the main unit. Klir's problem-solving approach and system design can be sufficient for well-structured situations. Through history teams of experts in both technological and no technical aspects of the problem assembled and processed the necessary d ata and came up with alternative approaches which defined the benefits and shortcomings of every aspect. These researchers defined the relations between the theories where it was possible by producing quantitative analyses and predictions, where they were appropriate to give content to the most general aspects of the environment. Through these procedures, a gap was tried to be filled between the technical and non-technical theorists, so that a form could be given to every general theory wherever possible.

High Fashion Styling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

High Fashion Styling - Research Paper Example The essay "High Fashion Styling" discusses How to Become an A class Stylist. Aspiring stylists should be ready to face obstacles in firmly establishing careers. Specifically, this paper delves on the aspects of becoming an excellent stylist in high fashion. High Fashion is otherwise known as haute couture which is French for high sewing. It is also synonymous with high style which encompasses the most current when it comes to design. This kind of style is most often purported for exclusive clienteles. It also normally refers to rare and exclusive apparels. More importantly, the design is inimitable because of its price. Haute couture products are distinctive since they are financially difficult to access. Hence, the stylist should utilize high-quality fabrics. He must also design apparels with utmost taste, substantial amount of time, and meticulous expertise. Stylists were not so popular years ago. There was a time when they were quite ignored in the society. They were only known in the confines of the small fashion industries. The avenues of their recognition were only behind magazines and photo shoots. Charles Frederick Worth is known as the father of haute couture. He revolutionized the conventional styles and earned a mark in France’s fashion market. The term high fashion has been known to be first used in 1804. At this era, women’s dresses shifted to high-waisted designs which did not require the customary corset. Essentially, high fashion stemmed from Paris. This movement spawned other stylists. across time and cultures. As a Career â€Å"There are no hard and fast rules to beginning your styling career† (McAssey, & Buckley, p.17). The truth is, some of the most famous stylists did not actually have any formal training. On the other hand, there are also those who have spent many years in different colleges, internships, and academies. The point is one should look into all of the aspects that can help in advancing his status in the fa shion world. Though what you know is usually important in doing well, who you know matters greatly. Since the bigger part of the profession thrives on freelance, it is quite vital to have connections. Concerning compensation, the average alters depending on the kind of market. For example, in large scale promotions, stylists get paid from $400 up to $800 in one day (Lawson, 2012). Certainly, this kind of reward is an inspiration to many hopefuls. Experts’ salaries may get higher with appropriate certifications. The Association of Image Consultants Seminar is one of the organizations that guarantee a stylist’s proficiency. During shoots and productions, stylists function at their highest. They need to supervise every aspect concerning accessories, collection of garbs, and executing last-minute changes. They also need to take into deliberation the effect of lighting, cosmetics, and the model’s features. One of the stylist’s reputable jobs is to be in charge of dealing with sudden mishaps such as ripped clothes and unmatched sizes. Hence, this profession requires ingenuity and resourcefulness among many others. As compared to other fields, this kind of occupation entails keenness to details. Though it largely sounds glitzy, a wide array of events can make you get harried and crazily occupied. For example, it has to be made sure that the schedules of the clothes being bought or tailored are in exact order. It has also to be made certain that the apparels borrowed are in meticulously good shape before returning. In this career, a

Moon shots and unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moon shots and unemployment - Essay Example According to the former president of United States, unemployment is not structural but it is largely due to the incapability of the firms to hire professionals suitable for the jobs. In other words, the people being hired are not competent enough for the jobs being offered to them. One of the solutions to this problem should be the development of a proper Human Resource system that would facilitate all the companies to hire people who perfectly fit in the given criteria. Job descriptions for each post should be developed and talent hunt should be conducted subsequently. However, the problem faced by USA is much more deep-rooted than this. While other developing countries like China are building on their core-competencies and looking for newer and bigger entrepreneurial ventures (for example, electric car manufacturing), USA is spending billions in Afghanistan. This is very dangerous for the country. USA should therefore invest in discovering new avenues for economic growth, rather than being so politically active in wars all around the world. Otherwise China will become an economic superpower in the upcoming years and USA will be importing products like electric cars from

Mental Disorder and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Mental Disorder and crime - Essay Example If they are too broad they may result in unnecessary intervention’ (Wilson, 1995 as quoted in Healthcare Education Services, 2006). This quote from Wilson suggests the complications that mental health carers and the courts have when they attempt to apply a definition to mental illness. There is a distinction made between mental health and mental disorder. According to Healthcare Education Services (2006) mental health and mental illness have often been used interchangeably as 'mental health refers to thoughts, feelings, and actions of the individual, all aspects of life, including social, physical, spiritual and emotional, affect it' (p. 6). The term mental disorder implies that he person has a mental illness and also has some sort of disability and has often been used as a legal definition for a variety of mental illnesses. The Department of Health (2004) defines mental disorder as ‘an impairment of, or a disturbance in, the functioning of the mind or brain resulting fr om any disability or disorder of the mind or brain’ (p.3). This definition was refined from the original bill that was drafted in 1983 and said that mental disorder was, ‘†¦mental disorder means mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of mind, psychopathic disorder and any other disorder or disability of the mind’ (as quoted in Healthcare Education Services, 2006, p. 7). ... This definition will cover a variety of mental disorders and it can be relevant to the individual's fitness to plead guilty or not guilty, their sentencing or disposal, or the decision for the prosecutor to divert the sentence or prosecute the individual (The Crown Prosecution Service, 2010). This is the definition will be the one used for this paper because it is the one that comes from the courts. Definition of Crime The definition of crime is complex because its definition will relate to the individual's offense. Sammon (n.d.) states that the word crime is difficult to define because it covers a variety of acts that have nothing in common necessarily except that they are punishable by law if they are carried out by an individual. The easiest definition comes from the Oxford Dictionary (2011) which describes crime as a noun and defines it as 'an action or omission which constitutes offence and is punishable by law'. A crime can be anything from shoplifting to murder. Each offence h as its own definition in the court system. This is a simple definition and will be used in this paper to refer to generic crimes. Crime and General Mental Disorders The challenge for both of these definitions is the fact that everything about them is dependent on the circumstances in each situation. Many people believe that a defence that states that an individual who has a mental disorder should be excused for committing a crime because at the time of the crime, they had a mental breakdown due to a mental disorder. However, the empirical evidence does not support this idea. Sirotich (2008) reviewed several studies about crime and violence to see whether there is a correlation with mental illness. He found that most of the literature suggests that the best

Strategic Communication in Public Relations Essay

Strategic Communication in Public Relations - Essay Example In my opinion, due to the undesirability of 'spam' information, it is becoming increasingly more attention-capturing and persuasive, especially highly-contextual political messages. The author of this essay has recently received an interesting letter, which will put frames of the present paper and be explained in terms of communication strategies. First of all, the letter has quite an attractive title - "NARAL Pro-Choice America CHOICE AND CHANGE". The catchphrase or attention grabber is most helpful in this sense, as the primary task of those who compiled this message is to create the situation, in which the receiver would read at least a title, i.e. the thread should be consistent and informative itself. One more helpful feature of this political agitation message is the presence of an outline at the beginning so that the receiver has an opportunity to take a glance at the brief content. In my opinion, such lengthy messages should be started with a mini 'contents' section. Another technique, applied in the present message is an emphasis on the reader's needs. If the latter decides to open the letter, then he or she necessitates information, has continuous information about 'hunger'. In addition, the message is designed for native American citizens, the majority of whom are to some extent dissatisfied with the performance of the U.S. Congress, and are thus ready to perceive related criticism. "I am as thrilled as you are to think about a Congress that's not in the hands of anti-choice leaders like Dennis Hastert and Rick Santorum. But I know from my days running for office in Montana, we must not let up now. It's not over until all the votes are counted" (the entire letter is presented in 'appendix' section). Furthermore, the political agitation includes explaining to the reader his/her main needs and fears and offering a satisfaction alternative. The writer speaks from the first person and seems to address the message directly to the reader. In order t o confirm the reader's doubts in the overall legal and political balance, the message refers also to the research, conducted by Pro-Choice Group, which suggests that the opponents of 'choice' are in majority, so the major current problem is the lack of legal enforcement and inadequate financial basis for the realization of national will. The argument in the letter is built skillfully, as the author draws an imaginary 'conditional' picture (in the best PR-traditions) 'What will happen if[Anti-Choice-Groups come to power' (or visualization): anti-choice candidates are depicted as those who slow down democratization of American society. In this sense, I can outline two main strategic communication techniques: first of all, the establishment of villain's (or, more precisely, the enemy's) image, who should possess those treats which would appeal to the reader's self-consciousness, financial interest or ethical concerns (women's choice is a brilliant example in this case). Secondly, the world under the villain's rule will necessarily turn into a complete mess and, as the enemy is not competent enough and has the biased approach to the problems, which must be solved according to liberal democratic principles. The trick within the latter technique is an exaggeration, i.e. the problem is overblown and turned into a real disas ter. In fact, as changingminds.org content writer holds (2006), people need strong emotion-inducing arguments, such as the possibility of war, ecological catastrophe or economic depression – only in this case the reader would perceive and interpret the spam e-mail message seriously.  Ã‚  

Campare Sonnet Essay Example for Free

Campare Sonnet Essay Shall I compare you to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:| You are more lovely and more constant:| Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,| Rough winds shake the beloved buds of May| And summers lease hath all too short a date: | And summer is far too short:| Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,| At times the sun is too hot,| And often is his gold complexion dimmd; | Or often goes behind the clouds;| And every fair from fair sometime declines,| And everything beautiful sometime will lose its beauty, By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;| By misfortune or by natures planned out course. But thy eternal summer shall not fade | But your youth shall not fade,| Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;| Nor will you lose the beauty that you possess;| Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,| Nor will death claim you for his own,| When in eternal lines to time thou growest:| Because in my eternal verse you will live forever. | So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,| So long as there are people on this earth,| So long lives this and this gives life to thee. So long will this poem live on, making you immortal| My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;| My mistresss eyes are nothing like the sun;| Coral is far more red than her lips red;| Coral is far more red than her lips;| If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; | If snow is white, then her breasts are a brownish gray;| If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. | If hairs are like wires, hers are black and not golden. I have seen roses damaskd, red and white,| I have seen damask roses, re d and white [streaked],| But no such roses see I in her cheeks; | But I do not see such colors in her cheeks;| And in some perfumes is there more delight | And some perfumes give more delight| Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. | Than the horrid breath of my mistress. | I love to hear her speak, yet well I know | I love to hear her speak, but I know| That music hath a far more pleasing sound;| That music has a more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go;| Ive never seen a goddess walk;| My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:| But I know that my mistress walks only on the ground. | And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare | And yet I think my love as rare| As any she belied with false compare. | As any woman who has been misrepresented by | The sonnet 18 is a Shakespeare’s early love poem which is about affection of a young man to his beloved. It starts with the genuine question, â€Å"shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? † The speaker is thinking about his lover’s beauty rather than putting her poem in a conventional love poem formula. Then, he points out her lover’s beauty was more beautiful and constant than a summer day; her beauty was eternal and would be preserved in the lines of this poem. However, Sonnet 130 is a more convincing love poem because it is more descriptive and realistic in depicting his lover which shows that his love is more sincere and everlasting. Sonnet 18 is about the feeling of perfection of his lover’s beauty while sonnet 130 is about the real appearances of her mistress. In sonnet 18 the speaker says, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:† Although summer is pleasant season, the speaker never talks about how his lover is like a summer day nor how she was more lovely. He did not give life to his lover because we can use this poem to mostly every woman in the world; he does not specifically describe his lover. In sonnet 130, the speaker explicit states what his mistress looks like. The speaker says, â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;/Coral is far more red than her lips red;/If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; /If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. It explicitly describes his lover in an honest way. Although love poems often use sun, snow and beautiful objects to praise the beauty of their subject, realistic love is not about an idealized sense of beauty. A person cannot love another one simply because they are physically beautiful. We think that the women with red lips, white skin and gold hair are beautiful, but does it mean the women that having â€Å"not so† red lips, brownish skin, and black hair are not beautiful? Beauty is subjective. When people love someone, they would define beauty by his/her st andard. By describing in detail of his lover’s appearance, the speaker of sonnet 130 really know his lover. Love is not only about the feeling of a warm sunny summer day, but know a person as a distinguish individual. Sonnet 130 make his lover feel special and superior because the speaker pay quite attention to her actual appearance, and honestly writes it down in a poem. It also gives her the sense of security because she knows he loves her for who she is and she does not need to pretend to be a perfect figure nor be an everlasting summer day. Sonnet 130 ses reality to prove the speakers love while sonnet 18 uses exaggeration. Sonnet 18 illustrates only the speaker’s love for his beloved’s beauty while in sonnet 130 illustrates more sincere love for her mistress even though she is not perfect. In sonnet 18, the speaker claim his lover was eternal by saying, â€Å"By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;/But thy eternal summer shall not fade /Nor lose possession o f that fair thou owest;/ Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,† The speaker praise that her beauty stronger than the nature. Although the speaker values her beauty greatly and even believed her is beauty has the power to overturn the nature, it is only his wish and imagination that her beauty would not change. It will not be convincing to a woman since they consciously know that appearance will change. His lover will feel that the speaker only focuses on her beauty, but not anything else. In sonnet 130, the speaker states, â€Å"I love to hear her speak†. The speaker loves her thinking, her opinions and her intellects. The speaker values her thought which is not very common even in current society. Relationship is about equality and respect. Many men treat women as an object that has nothing inside. Even in sonnet 18, the speaker compares his lover as an eternal summer which also an object. Then, the speaker says, â€Å"I grant I never saw a goddess go;/My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:† . The speaker wants to compare his mistress with a goddess as many sonnets do, but he admits that he never saw one. It mocks that other poets are dishonest which compare their lover to a figure they never see. He emphasized the word â€Å"my mistress† which shows that he takes pride that this woman is his mistress as while as the ways his mistress is like. He shows that this poem is about her mistress but not anybody else, not even goddess can compare with his mistress. He cares only his mistress which makes her even superior to a goddess. He shows that although her mistress is not an immortal figure, but her mistress is special for him. Then, speaker of sonnet 130 transits his understanding of her mistress to his confession of love while in sonnet 18, the speaker transits his lover’s beauty to mortality. The speaker of sonnet 18 uses poetry to eternalize his lover while in sonnet 130, the speaker shows that his love for her is eternal. In the end of sonnet 18, the speaker says, â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, /So long lives this and this gives life to thee†. The life of the subject will be an endless summer, but only because the speaker has immortalized her in this poem, and only if people continue to read these verses. It makes the readers feel that the poem itself is greater than the subject. The poem builds up this subject with eternal beauty and the subject only lives in the poem. However, this poem is for a living woman, and she is not living by her beauty or by the poem. Every woman knows this poem cannot real give immorality to them because the readers do not even know who the subject is. Not only the woman reading this poem cannot relate herself to this poem, buy she also will feel the speaker’s love is unrealistic and superficial and will not last long. In contract, in sonnet 130, the speaker claims that â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare†. His claim is convincing because in previous lines, he honestly depict his mistress and we expect he is honest when he says that he loves her. Furthermore, if his love for her is not because she is idealized beautiful since she is not, then he must love her because of her which we define as true love. His love would not fate with changing of appearance or time. His mistress would feel that she has the speaker’s heart forever. Sonnet 130 well proved the speaker’s love for her mistress; his love is about understanding and respect; his love is strong and everlasting. In contrast, sonnet 18 is more about the speaker’s passion to his lover’s beauty than his love for her as a whole individual. Many people say romantic love would last long. It is because that when people know each other well, their flaws would appear, and they are intolerance to these flaws. They would try everything to change each other to the way they want, but they most likely fail. Everyone is difference and not perfect, so when people love someone, they should acceptance their flaws.